{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T08:48:54Z","timestamp":1781686134204,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,4]],"date-time":"2014-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multidrug resistant bacteria (MDR bacteria), such as extended spectrum  beta-lactamase (ESBL) Enterobacteriaceae, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), pose a challenge to the human health care system. In recent years, these MDR bacteria have been detected increasingly outside the hospital environment. Also the contamination of food with MDR bacteria, particularly of meat and meat products, is a concern. The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of MDR bacteria in chicken meat on the Austrian market. For this study,  50 chicken meat samples were analysed. All samples originated from chickens slaughtered in Austrian slaughterhouses and were marked as produced in Austria. Samples were analysed for the presence of ESBL Enterobacteriaceae, methicillin resistant Staphylococci and VRE. Resistance genes of the isolated bacteria were characterised by PCR and sequencing. In the present study 26 ESBL producing E. coli, five mecA gene harbouring Staphylococci (but no MRSA), and four VRE were detected in chicken meat samples of Austrian origin. In 24 (48%) of the samples no ESBL Enterobacteriaceae, MRSA, methicillin resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus (MRCNS) or VRE could be detected. None of the samples contained all three types of investigated multiresistant bacteria. In concordance to previous studies, CTX-M-1 and SHV-12 were the dominant ESBL genes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph111212582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,4]],"date-time":"2014-12-04T11:37:11Z","timestamp":1417693031000},"page":"12582-12593","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Multiresistant Bacteria Isolated from Chicken Meat in Austria"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1592-4559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gernot","family":"Zarfel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz,  Graz 8010, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4577-6983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herbert","family":"Galler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz,  Graz 8010, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josefa","family":"Luxner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz,  Graz 8010, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Petternel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz,  Graz 8010, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franz","family":"Reinthaler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz,  Graz 8010, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doris","family":"Haas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz,  Graz 8010, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clemens","family":"Kittinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz,  Graz 8010, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Grisold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz,  Graz 8010, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Pless","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health Service of the Department of Veterinary Administration, Styrian Government,  Graz 8010, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gebhard","family":"Feierl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz,  Graz 8010, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2010.02.009","article-title":"Sewage sludge and liquid pig manure as possible sources of antibiotic resistant bacteria","volume":"110","author":"Holzel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. 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