{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:35:49Z","timestamp":1789000549307,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,19]],"date-time":"2015-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1431993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>background: This study aimed to determine serum Bisphenol A (BPA) concentrations in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) as well as the association between serum BPA and several hormonal parameters in DCM patients compared with a healthy control group. Materials and methods: Eighty-eight DCM patients and 88 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were included. Serum BPA levels and several hormonal parameters (including total testosterone (T), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and estradiol (E2) were measured by using corresponding ELISA Kits. The free androgen index (FAI) was calculated by the formula: total T in nmol\/L \u00d7 100\/SHBG in nmol\/L.  Results: BPA levels in the total DCM group were significantly higher compared with that in the controls (6.9 \u00b1 2.7 ng\/mL vs. 3.8 \u00b1 1.9 ng\/mL, p &lt; 0.001). Significant difference was also observed in SHBG and FAI between DCM patients and controls, (76.9 \u00b1 30.9 nM\/L  vs. 41.0 \u00b1 15.6 nM\/L and 2.9 \u00b1 3.5 vs.5.3 \u00b1 2.6, respectively, both of p &lt; 0.001).  Similar trends were observed in the male and female subgroup. Mean T level was lower in DCM group than in control group (540.8 \u00b1 186.0 pg\/mL vs. 656.3 \u00b1 112.9 pg\/mL,  p &lt; 0.001). Linear regression analysis has shown that increasing serum BPA levels were statistically significantly associated with increased SHBG levels. However, no statistical difference was noted for E2. Conclusion: Our findings firstly demonstrated that BPA exposure increased in DCM patients compared with that in healthy controls, while FAI and T levels decreased. SHBG presented a positive association with BPA. It is concluded that hormone disorder induced by BPA exposure might be an environmental factor in the pathology of DCM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph120505329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,19]],"date-time":"2015-05-19T10:35:57Z","timestamp":1432031757000},"page":"5329-5337","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Elevated Serum Bisphenol A Level in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Qinmei","family":"Xiong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University,  Nanchang 330000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University,  Nanchang 330000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University,  Nanchang 330000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University,  Nanchang 330000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sisi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University,  Nanchang 330000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinzhu","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University,  Nanchang 330000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University,  Nanchang 330000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juxiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University,  Nanchang 330000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Sheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 2301, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoshu","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University,  Nanchang 330000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kui","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University,  Nanchang 330000, China"},{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2008-0021","article-title":"Bisphenol A and the great divide: A review of controversies in the field of endocrine disruption","volume":"30","author":"Vandenberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrine Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2014.02.003","article-title":"Bisphenol a\u2014Sources, toxicity and biotransformation","volume":"37","author":"Michalowicz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. 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Steril."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/12\/5\/5329\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T20:46:30Z","timestamp":1760215590000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/12\/5\/5329"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,19]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph120505329"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph120505329","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,19]]}}}