{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]],"date-time":"2026-03-22T05:03:20Z","timestamp":1774155800696,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,29]],"date-time":"2015-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1435536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Since its recurrence in 1986, scrub typhus has been occurring annually and it is considered as one of the most prevalent diseases in Korea. Scrub typhus is a 3rd grade nationally notifiable disease that has greatly increased in Korea since 2000. The objective of this study is to construct a disease incidence model for prediction and quantification of the incidences of scrub typhus. Using data from 2001 to 2010, the incidence Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model, which considers the time-lag between scrub typhus and minimum temperature, precipitation and average wind speed based on the Granger causality and spectral analysis, is constructed and tested for 2011 to 2012. Results show reliable simulation of scrub typhus incidences with selected predictors, and indicate that the seasonality in meteorological data should be considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph120707254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,29]],"date-time":"2015-06-29T10:05:22Z","timestamp":1435572322000},"page":"7254-7273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Scrub Typhus Incidence Modeling with Meteorological Factors in South Korea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jaewon","family":"Kwak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Forecast and Control Division, Nakdong River Flood Control Office, Busan 604-851, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9825-2462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soojun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia Water Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gilho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hydro Science and Engineering, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 411-712, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vijay","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering and Zachry Dept. of Civil Engineering,  Texas A & M University, TX 77843, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seungjin","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8345-0610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-191","article-title":"Scrub typhus islands in the Taiwan area and the association between scrub typhus disease and forest land use and farmer population density: Geographically weighted regression","volume":"13","author":"Tsai","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200310000-00009","article-title":"Scrub typhus and tropical rickettsioses","volume":"16","author":"Watt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"148","article-title":"Comparative research on epidemiological aspects of tsutsugamushi disease (scrub typhus) between Korea and Japan","volume":"61","author":"Bang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrp.2013.01.001","article-title":"The geographical and economical impact of Scrub Typhus, the fastest-growing vector-borne disease in Korea","volume":"4","author":"Cho","year":"2013","journal-title":"Osong Public Health Res. Perspect."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Jang, J.Y., Cho, S.H., Kim, S.Y., Cho, S.N., Kim, M.S., and Baek, K.W. (2003). Assessment of Climate Change Impact and Preparation of Adaptation Program in Korea."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"711","article-title":"Trends on temperature and precipitation extreme events in Korea","volume":"39","author":"Choi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Korean Geogr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"297","article-title":"Typhus fevers in Kashmir State. Part II. Murine typhus","volume":"39","author":"Kalra","year":"1951","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1086\/596576","article-title":"Scrub typhus: the geographic distribution of phenotypic and genotypic variants of Orientia tsutsugamushi","volume":"48","author":"Kelly","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/11.3.237","article-title":"The ecology of chigger-borne rickettsiosis (scrub typhus)","volume":"11","author":"Traub","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"1110","article-title":"Studies on tsutsugamushi disease in Gifu prefecture. 6. Correlation between number of patients and meteorological elements. Kansenshogaku zasshi","volume":"69","author":"Kasuya","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Jpn. Assoc. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Kawamura, A., Tanaka, H., and Takamura, A. (1995). Tsutsugamushi Disease: An Overview, University of Tokyo Press."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Predicting the incidence of typhus by regression analysis in Shijiazhuang City","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin. J. Zoonoses"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-139","article-title":"Meteorological factors and risk of scrub typhus in Guangzhou, Southern China, 2006\u20132012","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2008.08.030","article-title":"Climate and vectorborne diseases","volume":"35","author":"Gage","year":"2008","journal-title":"Amer. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"223","article-title":"Climate variability and change in the United States: Potential impacts on vector-and rodent-borne diseases","volume":"109","author":"Gubler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60935-1","article-title":"Managing the health effects of climate change","volume":"373","author":"Costello","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"715","article-title":"Climate change and infectious diseases in North America: The road ahead","volume":"178","author":"Greer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can. Med. Assoc. J."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04188","article-title":"Impact of regional climate change on human health","volume":"438","author":"Patz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.01109155","article-title":"The influence of climate variation and change on diarrheal disease in the Pacific Islands","volume":"109","author":"Singh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14898-2","article-title":"Potential effect of climate change on malaria transmission in Africa","volume":"362","author":"Tanser","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Chang, K., Lee, N.Y., Ko, W.C., Tsai, J.J., Lin, W.R., Chen, T.C., and Chen, Y.H. (2014). Identification of factors for physicians to facilitate the early differential diagnosis of scrub typhus, murine typhus and Q fever from the dengue fever in Taiwan. J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect., 14."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, M.J., Lin, C.Y., Wu, Y.T., Wu, P.C., Lung, S.C., and Su, H.J. (2012). Effects of extreme precipitation to the distribution of infectious diseases in Taiwan, 1994\u20132008. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034651"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2006.01.002","article-title":"Climate change and human health: Impacts, vulnerability and public health","volume":"120","author":"Haines","year":"2006","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000362680.19801.86","article-title":"Impacts of Climate on the Incidence of Scrub Typhus","volume":"20","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.3961\/jpmph.2010.43.5.436","article-title":"Correlations between Climate Change-Related Infectious Diseases and Meteorological Factors in Korea","volume":"43","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Prev. Med. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"49","article-title":"Adaptation measures for human health in response to climate change in Maldives","volume":"12","author":"Moosa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Regional Health Forum"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1139\/z00-172","article-title":"Biodiversity series: the function of biodiversity in the ecology of vector-borne zoonotic diseases","volume":"78","author":"Ostfeld","year":"2000","journal-title":"Can. J. Zool."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1080\/13504509.2010.493711","article-title":"Understanding the relationship among urbanization, climate change and human health: A case study in Xiamen","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Sustain. Dev. World Ecol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2011.05.018","article-title":"Spatial analysis of scrub typhus infection and its association with environmental and socioeconomic factors in Taiwan","volume":"120","author":"Kuo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(90)90085-Z","article-title":"Calculating the vegetation index faster","volume":"34","author":"Crippen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2217","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268813003208","article-title":"Effects of meteorological factors on scrub typhus in a temperate region of China","volume":"142","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Chang, W.H. (1994). Tsutsugamushi Disease in Korea, Seohung Press Inc.. (In Korean)."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"KCDC (Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention) Infectious Disease Study. Available online: http:\/\/www.cdc.go.kr\/."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2012.50.4.327","article-title":"Monthly occurrence of vectors and reservoir rodents of scrub typhus in an endemic area of Jeollanam-do, Korea","volume":"50","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Korean J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2009). Frequently Asked Questions: Scrub Typhus 2009, WHO. Available online: http:\/\/www.searo.who.int\/LinkFiles\/CDS_faq_Scrub_Typhus.pdf."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2007.0190","article-title":"Predicting the emergence of tick-borne infections based on climatic changes in Korea","volume":"8","author":"Chae","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2014.06.008","article-title":"Measuring the burden of disease due to climate change and developing a forecast model in South Korea","volume":"128","author":"Yoon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1023\/B:CLIM.0000043141.54763.f8","article-title":"On climate variations and changes observed in South Korea","volume":"66","author":"Chung","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clim. Chang."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"1146","article-title":"Nationwide surveillance of chigger mites, as the vector of scrub typhus","volume":"7","author":"Noh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Public Health Wkly. Rep. KCDC"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.16879\/jkca.2014.14.3.041","article-title":"Spatial analysis modeling on scrub typhus disease occurrence in Korea","volume":"14","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Korean Cartogr. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"863","article-title":"Time-spatial distribution of scrub typhus and its environmental ecology","volume":"42","author":"Kong","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Korean Geogr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Park, S.J. (2008). Characteristic Relating to the Occurrence of Tsutsugamushi Disease Using GIS. [Ph.D. Dissertation, The Graduate School of Inje University]."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrp.2012.12.007","article-title":"Spatial distribution analysis of scrub typhus in Korea","volume":"4","author":"Jin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Osong Public Health Res. Perspect."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration). Available online: http:\/\/www.cdc.go.kr\/."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.2307\/1912791","article-title":"Investigating causal relations by econometric models and cross-spectral methods","volume":"37","author":"Granger","year":"1969","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Granger, C.W.J. (2001). Essays in Econometrics: The Collected Papers of Clive W.J. Granger, Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511753978"},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Ding, M., Chen, Y., and Bressler, S. (2006). Handbook of Time Series Analysis, Wiley."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ricker, D.W. (2003). Echo Signal Processing, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-0312-5"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3495","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(00)00146-1","article-title":"Spectral analysis of air pollutants. Part 1: Elemental carbon time series","volume":"34","author":"Hies","year":"2000","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.20535\/2312-1807.2014.19.1.142301","article-title":"Analysis of interconnection between central nervous and cardiovascular systems","volume":"19","author":"Zhukov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Electron. Comm."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2003JD003417","article-title":"Influence of the Arctic Oscillation and El Ni\u00f1o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on ice conditions in the Baltic Sea: The wavelet approach","volume":"108","author":"Jevrejeva","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.5194\/npg-11-561-2004","article-title":"Application of the cross wavelet transform and wavelet coherence to geophysical time series","volume":"11","author":"Grinsted","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nonlin. Process. Geophys."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1006\/jsvi.2000.2864","article-title":"Feature extraction based on Morlet wavelet and its application for mechanical fault diagnosis","volume":"234","author":"Lin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Sound Vib."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"41","article-title":"Seasonal time series forecasting: A comparative study of ARIMA and ANN models","volume":"5","author":"Kihoro","year":"2004","journal-title":"Afr. J. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00344251","article-title":"Neocognitron: A self-organizing neural network model for a mechanism of pattern recognition unaffected by shift in position","volume":"36","author":"Fukushima","year":"1980","journal-title":"Biol. Cybern."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2554","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.79.8.2554","article-title":"Neural networks and physical systems with emergent collective computational abilities","volume":"79","author":"Hopfield","year":"1982","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1037\/h0042519","article-title":"The perceptron: a probabilistic model for information storage and organization in the brain","volume":"65","author":"Rosenblatt","year":"1958","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Haykin, S. (1999). Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation, Prentice Hall."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"331","article-title":"Accelerated backpropagation learning: Two optimization methods","volume":"3","author":"Battiti","year":"1989","journal-title":"Complex Syst."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1109\/TNN.2002.1031951","article-title":"Neighborhood based Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm for neural network training","volume":"13","author":"Lera","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Netw."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1109\/78.847778","article-title":"Efficient training of neural nets for nonlinear adaptive filtering using a recursive Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm","volume":"48","author":"Ngia","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.02865.x","article-title":"A serosurvey of Orientia tsutsugamushi from patients with scrub typhus","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-00-3809","article-title":"Seasonal and environmental determinants of leptospirosis and scrub typhus in small mammals captured at a U.S. military training site (Dagmar North), Republic of Korea, 2001\u20132004","volume":"174","author":"Payne","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mil. Med."},{"key":"ref_64","unstructured":"Bernstein, J. (1998). Seasonality: Systems, Strategies, and Signals, John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"1","article-title":"Temporal correlation between malaria and rainfall in Sri Lanka","volume":"7","author":"Vounatsou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"ref_66","unstructured":"Kawale, J., Chatterjee, S., Kumar, A., Liess, S., Steinbach, M., and Kumar, V. Anomaly Construction in Climate Data: Issues and Challenges. Proceedings of the CIDU Conference."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1002\/met.41","article-title":"A time series analysis on the seasonality of air temperature anomalies","volume":"14","author":"Wakaura","year":"2007","journal-title":"Meteorol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.1996.34.1.27","article-title":"Population density of chigger mites, the vector of tsutsugamushi disease in Chollanam-do, Korea","volume":"34","author":"Song","year":"1996","journal-title":"Korean J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"677","article-title":"Reviews in medical geography: Spatial epidemiology of vector-borne diseases","volume":"47","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Korean Geogr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"13","article-title":"Vulnerability assessment for public health to climate change using spatio-temporal information based on GIS","volume":"20","author":"Yoo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Korean Spat. Inf. Soc."},{"key":"ref_71","unstructured":"Heaton, J. (2008). Introduction to Neural Networks with Java, Heaton Research, Inc."},{"key":"ref_72","unstructured":"Gujarati, D.N. (2012). Basic Econometrics, Tata McGraw-Hill Education."},{"key":"ref_73","unstructured":"Hyndman, R.J., and Khandakar, Y. (2007). Automatic Time Series for Forecasting: The Forecast Package for R (No. 6\/07), Monash University."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1694(70)90255-6","article-title":"River flow forecasting through conceptual models part I\u2014A discussion of principles","volume":"10","author":"Nash","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003420","article-title":"Burden of disease measured by disability-adjusted life years and a disease forecasting time series model of scrub typhus in Laiwu, China","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"ref_76","unstructured":"Ree, H.I. (1994). Medical Entomology, Ko-Moon Co.. [3rd ed.]. (In Korean)."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.2307\/3279442","article-title":"Correlation of chigger abundance with temperature at a hyperendemic focus of scrub typhus","volume":"62","author":"Lien","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0477(1998)079<0061:APGTWA>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"A practical guide to wavelet analysis","volume":"79","author":"Torrence","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2008.07.024","article-title":"Improving artificial neural networks\u2019 performance in seasonal time series forecasting","volume":"178","year":"2008","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-85-6-853","article-title":"Development of a European multi-model ensemble system for seasonal to inter-annual prediction (DEMETER)","volume":"85","author":"Palmer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1029\/2006JD007655","article-title":"Bayesian merging of multiple climate model forecasts for seasonal hydrological predictions","volume":"112","author":"Luo","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/12\/7\/7254\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T20:48:29Z","timestamp":1760215709000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/12\/7\/7254"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,29]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph120707254"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph120707254","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,29]]}}}