{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T14:26:00Z","timestamp":1772807160623,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,21]],"date-time":"2015-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1437436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami of March 2011 severely damaged three reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station, leading to a major release of radiation into the environment. Groundwater flow through these crippled reactors continues to be one of the main causes of contamination and associated transport of radionuclides into the Pacific Ocean. In this context, a number of strategies are being implemented to manage radioactive pollution of the water resources at the nuclear plant site. Along with water treatment and purification, it is critical to restrict the groundwater flow to and from the reactors. Thus, the devised strategies combine walls containment, bores abstraction, infiltration control, and the use of tanks for the temporary storage of contaminated waters. While some of these techniques have been previously applied in other environments, they have never been tested at such a large scale. Therefore, their effectiveness remains to be seen. The present manuscript presents an overview of the methods being currently implemented to manage groundwater contamination and to mitigate the impact of hydrological pathways in the dispersion of radionuclides at Fukushima.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph120708498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,21]],"date-time":"2015-07-21T10:17:48Z","timestamp":1437473868000},"page":"8498-8503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Managing Groundwater Radioactive Contamination at the Daiichi Nuclear Plant"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Atsunao","family":"Marui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, Geo-resources and Environment Institute, Groundwater Research Group, Ibaraki-ken, Tsukuba 305-8567, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Gallardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CONICET (Argentina National Scientific and Technical Research Council), San Luis National University, FCFMyN, Department of Geology, Ejercito de los Andes 950, San Luis 5700, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2014.11.010","article-title":"Impact of Fukushima-derived radiocesium in the western North Pacific Ocean about ten months after the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident","volume":"140","author":"Kumamoto","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Environ. Radioactiv."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"MOEJ Ministry of the Environment Japan. Available online: http:\/\/www.acronymfinder.com\/Ministry-of-the-Environment,-Japan-%28also-seen-as-MOE%29-%28MOEJ%29.html."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1738.2005.00464.x","article-title":"The rate of fluvial incision during the Late Quaternary period in the Abukuma Mountains, northeast Japan, deduced from tephrochronology","volume":"14","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Isl. Arc"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coghlan, A., Gilhooly, R., and Hooper, R. (2013). Can the sea take Fukushima waste?. New Sci., 219, Available online: http:\/\/connection.ebscohost.com\/c\/articles\/90074698\/can-sea-take-fukushima-waste.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0262-4079(13)62121-1"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Nuclear Safety Reform Plan Progress Report. Available online: http:\/\/www.tepco.co.jp\/en\/press\/corp-com\/release\/betu14_e\/images\/141105e0102.pdf."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2013.08.002","article-title":"Fukushima remediation; status and overview of future plans","volume":"133","author":"Hardie","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Environ. Radioactiv."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2011). WHO Press. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compgeo.2014.08.004","article-title":"Modeling heat transfer between a freeze pipe and the surrounding ground during artificial ground freezing activities","volume":"63","author":"Vitel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput. Geotech."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"METI Ministry of Economy of Japan Preventative and Multilayered Measures for Contaminated Water Treatment at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station of Tokyo Electric Power Company 2013. Available online:www.meti.go.jp\/english."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.piutam.2014.01.032","article-title":"Fukushima and Chernobyl nuclear accidents\u2019 environmental assessments and U.S. Handford Site\u2019s waste management","volume":"10","author":"Onishi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Procedia IUTAM"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/12\/7\/8498\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T20:49:29Z","timestamp":1760215769000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/12\/7\/8498"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,21]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph120708498"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph120708498","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,21]]}}}