{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:25:39Z","timestamp":1760243139279,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,6]],"date-time":"2015-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Second hand smoke (ETS)-associated particulate matter (PM) contributes considerably to indoor air contamination and constitutes a health risk for passive smokers. Easy to measure, PM is a useful parameter to estimate the dosage of ETS that passive smokers are exposed to. Apart from its suitability as a surrogate parameter for ETS-exposure, PM itself affects human morbidity and mortality in a dose-dependent manner. We think that ETS-associated PM should be considered an independent hazard factor, separately from the many other known harmful compounds of ETS. We believe that brand-specific and tobacco-product-specific differences in the release of PM matter and that these differences are of public interest. Methods: To generate ETS of cigarettes and cigarillos as standardized and reproducible as possible, an automatic second hand smoke emitter (AETSE) was developed and placed in a glass chamber. L&amp;M cigarettes (\u201cwithout additives\u201d, \u201cred label\u201d, \u201cblue label\u201d), L&amp;M filtered cigarillos (\u201cred\u201d) and 3R4F standard research cigarettes (as reference) were smoked automatically according to a self-developed, standardized protocol until the tobacco product was smoked down to 8 mm distance from the tipping paper of the filter. Results: Mean concentration (Cmean) and area under the curve (AUC) in a plot of PM2.5 against time were measured, and compared. CmeanPM2.5 were found to be 518 \u03bcg\/m3 for 3R4F cigarettes, 576 \u03bcg\/m3 for L&amp;M \u201cwithout additives\u201d (\u201cred\u201d), 448 \u03bcg\/m3 for L&amp;M \u201cblue label\u201d, 547 \u03bcg\/m3 for L&amp;M \u201cred label\u201d, and 755 \u03bcg\/m3 for L&amp;M filtered cigarillos (\u201cred\u201d). AUCPM2.5-values were 208,214 \u03bcg\/m3\u00b7s for 3R4F reference cigarettes, 204,629 \u03bcg\/m3\u00b7s for L&amp;M \u201cwithout additives\u201d (\u201cred\u201d), 152,718 \u03bcg\/m3\u00b7s for L&amp;M \u201cblue label\u201d, 238,098 \u03bcg\/m3\u00b7s for L&amp;M \u201cred label\u201d and 796,909 \u03bcg\/m3\u00b7s for L&amp;M filtered cigarillos (\u201cred\u201d). Conclusion: Considering the large and significant differences in particulate matter emissions between cigarettes and cigarillos, we think that a favorable taxation of cigarillos is not justifiable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph120809141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,7]],"date-time":"2015-08-07T02:11:56Z","timestamp":1438913516000},"page":"9141-9153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Brand Cigarillos: Low Price but High Particulate Matter Levels\u2014Is Their Favorable Taxation in the European  Union Justified?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Julia","family":"Wasel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Boll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michaela","family":"Schulze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Bundschuh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Groneberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Gerber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Philip_Morris_International Our Brands. 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