{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T13:33:48Z","timestamp":1762176828467,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,6]],"date-time":"2015-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To investigate the association of the hygiene index values of live fresh aquatic products and food-borne diarrhea in the population of the Ningbo area in China. Volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), histamine (HIS), indole, tetrodotoxin (TTX), and paralytic, neurotoxic, amnesic and diarrhetic shellfish poisons (PSP, NSP, ASP, and DSP, respectively) in the samples of live fresh aquatic products and food-borne diarrhea cases in six studied districts were analyzed. Results indicate that the incidence rate of food-borne diarrhea is related to the hygiene index values. Aside from VBN, the main risk factors related to food-borne diarrhea in edible aquatic products include DSP (in marine fish, shrimp, and other shellfishes), NSP, and ASP (in marine shrimp and crab). Hygiene index values among different species were significantly different. No significant difference in the monitoring index values was found among the six different studied districts. The reported cases of food-borne diarrhea were positively associated with VBN and DSP in aquatic products in Haishu, Jiangbei, Zhenhai, and Beilun, as well as VBN and NSP in aquatic products in Jiangdong and Yinzhou. In conclusion, VBN, DSP, NSP, and ASP are important risk factors for the occurring of  food-borne diarrhea in the population of the Ningbo area in China.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph120809154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,7]],"date-time":"2015-08-07T02:11:56Z","timestamp":1438913516000},"page":"9154-9168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Association between the Hygiene Index Values of Live Fresh Aquatic Products and Food-Borne Diarrhea in the Population of the Ningbo Area in China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Lijun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology,  Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"},{"name":"Jiangdong Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315040, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangdong Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315040, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liye","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangdong Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315040, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianjun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangdong Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315040, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baobo","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology,  Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology,  Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanliang","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology,  Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6012-1611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinshun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology,  Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xialu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology,  Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of Ministry of Health,  Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marenvres.2011.04.007","article-title":"Source and profile of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in shellfish in Daya Bay, South China Sea","volume":"72","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mar. 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