{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T04:10:42Z","timestamp":1791519042118,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,12]],"date-time":"2015-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1439337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The epidemic nature of obesity in industrialized countries is a serious health and social concern. The number of obese people has significantly increased in the past  20 years. In Poland excess weight and obesity are a serious epidemiological concern. In terms of the number of overweight people, Poland is a leader in Europe. Therefore, indicating many serious health concerns that are the natural consequences of this phenomenon has become important from the point of view of public health. This work identifies numerous diseases which are a direct consequence of obesity due to bad eating habits and lack of physical exercise among Poles. It discusses the negative effect of television and food commercials contributing to an increase in obesity, not only among adults but also among children. This is an overview forming grounds for further studies into ways of preventing the development of diseases due to obesity, both in Poland and in the world.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph120809408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,12]],"date-time":"2015-08-12T11:38:10Z","timestamp":1439379490000},"page":"9408-9426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Effect of Television on Obesity and Excess of Weight and Consequences of Health"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Rosiek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, Bydgoszcz 85-830 & Ross-Medica, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Maciejewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, Bydgoszcz 85-830, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Leksowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Public Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, Bydgoszcz 85-830 & Department of General Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Military Clinical Hospital in Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Rosiek-Kryszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic and Analitycal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, Bydgoszcz 85-089, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Leksowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus in Toru\u0144, Bydgoszcz 85-094, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Central Statistical Office \u201cPopulation Project 2014\u20132015\u201d, Statistical Analyses and Studies, Warsaw 2014, Poland, Available online: http:\/\/www.stat.gov.pl\/."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"The National Program funded by the Office Marshal Kujawsko-Pomorski Educational Program\u2014Treatment to Reduce Frequencies. The Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents, Available online: http:\/\/wsd.org.pl\/Ogloszenia\/."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"207","article-title":"Epidemic of obesity in XXI century","volume":"119","author":"Szymocha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"397","article-title":"Overweight and obesity to children and teenagers","volume":"79","author":"Niedziela","year":"2010","journal-title":"News Med."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"28","article-title":"Obesity and overweight in development population","volume":"47","author":"Kurowska","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hygiena Public Health"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Gaw\u0119cki, J., and Gerting, H. (2001). Nutritional Definitions Dictionary, PWN."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suchocka, Z. Obesity\u2014Grounds and medication, E-newletter of Faculty Pharmaceutical, AMW 2003, no 1.","DOI":"10.56782\/pps.40"},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Zawistowska, Z. (1969). Dietetic Nutrition in Different Kind of Diseases, PZWL."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/70.1.123s","article-title":"Introduction: The use of body mass index to assess obesity in children","volume":"70","author":"Dietz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Onis, M., Onyango, A.W., Borghi, E., Siyam, A., Nishida, C., and Siekmann, J. (2007). Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents. Bull. World Health Organ., 85.","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.043497"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7244.1240","article-title":"Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey","volume":"320","author":"Cole","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Radmacher, S.A., and Sheridan, C.L. (1998). Psychology of Health. Challenge for Biomedical Model, Polish Psychology Society."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Czarnowska-Misztal, E., Kunachowicz, H., and Turlejska, H. (2000). Rudiments of Human Nutrition, WSiP."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Flier, J.S., and Maratos-Flier, E. (2007). Cursed with Put on Weight, The Knowledge Word."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Bernas, M., Czech, A., and Tato\u0144, J. (2006). Obesity Metabolic Syndrom, PZWL."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.732","article-title":"Prevalence of childhood and adult obesity in the United States, 2011\u20132012","volume":"311","author":"Ogden","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. A"},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Declining Childhood Obesity Rates\u2014Where Are We Seeing the Most Progress?. Available online: http:\/\/www.rwjf.org\/content\/dam\/farm\/reports\/issue_briefs\/2012\/rwjf401163."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-1833","article-title":"Decreasing prevalence of obesity among young children in Massachusetts from 2004 to 2008","volume":"129","author":"Wen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2001). The Surgeon General\u2019s Call to Action to Prevent and Decrease Overweight and Obesity."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2003). Prevention Makes Common \u201cCents\u201d, Available online: http:\/\/aspe.hhs.gov\/health\/prevention\/."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duffey, K.J., and Popkin, B.M. (2011). Energy density, portion size, and eating occasions: Contributions to increased energy intake in the United States, 1977\u20132006. PLoS Med., 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001050"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"493","article-title":"The increasing prevalence of snacking among U.S. children from 1977 to 1996","volume":"138","author":"Jahns","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.2000.0817","article-title":"Significant increase in young adults\u2019 snacking between 1977\u20131978 and 1994\u20131996 represents a cause for concern!","volume":"32","author":"Zizza","year":"2001","journal-title":"Preve. Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.111.138727","article-title":"Food portion patterns and trends among U.S. children and the relationship to total eating occasion size, 1977\u20132006","volume":"141","author":"Piernas","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.92.2.246","article-title":"The contribution of expanding portion sizes to the U.S. obesity epidemic","volume":"92","author":"Young","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1053\/jada.2003.50027","article-title":"Expanding portion sizes in the U.S. marketplace: Implications for nutrition counseling","volume":"103","author":"Young","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/84.5.1215","article-title":"Secular trends in patterns of self-reported food consumption of adult Americans: NHANES 1971\u20131975 to NHANES 1999\u20132002","volume":"84","author":"Kant","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/135.4.910","article-title":"Public health strategies for dietary change: Schools and worksites","volume":"135","author":"French","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0009.2009.00550.x","article-title":"Physical activity and food environments: Solutions to the obesity epidemic","volume":"87","author":"Sallis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Milbank Q."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980007246737","article-title":"Food insecurity and subsequent weight gain in women","volume":"10","author":"Jones","year":"2007","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0009.2009.00554.x","article-title":"Food prices and obesity: Evidence and policy implications for taxes and subsidies","volume":"87","author":"Powell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Milbank Q."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2008.155119","article-title":"Associations of television content type and obesity in children","volume":"100","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(05)70354-0","article-title":"Television viewing and childhood obesity","volume":"48","author":"Robinson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2013.05.007","article-title":"Effect of television viewing on food and nutrient intake among adolescents","volume":"29","author":"Ramos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"1","article-title":"Television watching from adolescence to adulthood and its association with BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and obesity: A longitudinal study","volume":"12","author":"Mamun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802706","article-title":"Relationships between media use, body fatness and physical activity in children and youth: A meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Marshall","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pearson, N., Ball, K., and Crawford, D. (2011). Mediators of longitudinal associations between television viewing and eating behaviours in adolescents. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act., 8.","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-8-23"},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Je\u017cewska-Zychowicz, M., and Pilska, M. (2008). Psychology of Nutrition. Elected Questions, Publishing House SGGW."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.2.355","article-title":"Television watching increases motivated responding for food and energy intake in children","volume":"85","author":"Temple","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.21101\/cejph.a3813","article-title":"Obesity and diet awareness among Polish children and adolescents in small towns and villages","volume":"22","author":"Stankiewicz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cent. Eur. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26746","article-title":"Increased television viewing is associated with elevated body fatness but not with lower total energy expenditure in children","volume":"89","author":"Jackson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1123\/pes.20.4.446","article-title":"Critical hours: Physical activity and sedentary behavior of adolescents after school","volume":"20","author":"Atkin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr. Exerc. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2006.02180.x","article-title":"The effects of television food advertisement on children\u2019s food purchasing requests","volume":"48","author":"Arnas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr. Int."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2011.05.002","article-title":"Sedentary behavior and dietary intake in children, adolescents, and adults: A systematic review","volume":"41","author":"Pearson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2012-302196","article-title":"Time for a view on screen time","volume":"97","author":"Sigman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2008.01180.x","article-title":"The effects of background television on the toy play behavior of very young children","volume":"79","author":"Schmidt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Child Dev."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-1066","article-title":"Children, adolescents, obesity, and the media","volume":"128","author":"Strasburger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(03)01079-4","article-title":"Couch potatoes or french fries: Are sedentary behaviors associated with body mass index, physical activity, and dietary behaviors among adolescents?","volume":"103","author":"Utter","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2005847","article-title":"Television viewing behaviour and associations with food habits in different countries","volume":"9","author":"Vereecken","year":"2006","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jago, R., Sebire, S.J., Gorely, T., Cillero, I.H., and Biddle, S.J.H. (2011). \u201cI\u2019m on it 24\/7 at the moment\u201d: A qualitative examination of multi-screen viewing behaviours among UK 10\u201311 year olds. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act., 8.","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-8-85"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heinonen, I., Helajarvi, H., Pahkala, K., Heinonen, O.J., Hirvensalo, M., Palve, K., Tammelin, T., Yang, X., Juonala, M., and Mikkila, V. (2013). Sedentary behaviours and obesity in adults: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. BMJ Open, 3.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-002901"},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"Rideout, V.J., Foehr, U.G., and Roberts, D.F. (2010). Generation of M2 Media in the Lives of 8\u201318 Year Olds, A Kaiser Family Foundation Study."},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Ofcom Children and Parents: Media Use and Attitudes Report. Available online: http:\/\/stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk\/binaries\/research\/media-literacy\/oct2011\/Children_and_parents.pdf."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Routen, A.C. (2011). Should our children be sitting comfortably in school?. BMJ, 343.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d4273"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181d322ac","article-title":"Increased cardiometabolic risk is associated with increased TV viewing time","volume":"42","author":"Wijndaele","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2448","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.812","article-title":"Television viewing and risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality: A meta-analysis","volume":"305","author":"Grontved","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.14.1785","article-title":"Television watching and other sedentary behaviors in relation to risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in women","volume":"289","author":"Hu","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199301000-00011","article-title":"Compendium of physical activities","volume":"25","author":"Ainsworth","year":"1993","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"Januszewicz, P., Mazur, A., and Socha, P. (2009). Nutrition in Public Health, Publishing House of University in Rzeszow."},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"Oblaci\u0144ska, A., and Tabak, I. (2006). How Help Corpulent Teenager?, Mother and Children Institute."},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"Czech, A., Bernas, M., and Tato\u0144, J. (Endocrinology, Obesity and Metabolite Disorders, 2007). Cardiovascular symptoms of obesity, Endocrinology, Obesity and Metabolite Disorders, no 4."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.171016","article-title":"Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiology, Evaluation, and Effect of Weight Loss","volume":"113","author":"Poirier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.12.068","article-title":"Obesity and cardiovascular disease: Risk factor, paradox, and impact of weight loss","volume":"53","author":"Lavie","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_64","unstructured":"Lopes, C. (2000). Dietary Factors and Myocardial Infarction: A community-based Case\u2014Control Study. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Porto]."},{"key":"ref_65","unstructured":"Mandecki, T. (2005). The Kardiology, PZWL."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2006.11.008","article-title":"Intake and adipose tissue composition of fatty acids and risk of myocardial infarction in a male Portuguese community sample","volume":"107","author":"Lopes","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.205","article-title":"American Heart Association guidelines for primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease beginning in childhood","volume":"142","author":"Kavey","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_68","unstructured":"Lilly, L.S. (2008). Pathophysiology of Heart Diseases, Elsevier and Partner."},{"key":"ref_69","unstructured":"Cockrill, B.A., Mandel, J., and Weinberger, S.E. (2011). Lungs Diseases, Elsevier and Partner."},{"key":"ref_70","unstructured":"Ku\u015b, J., and Romi\u0144ska-Zakrzewska, E. (2004). Respiratory Diseases, PZWL."},{"key":"ref_71","unstructured":"Antczak, A. (2010). Great Internal Medicine. Pulmonologist Part II, Medical Tribune Poland."},{"key":"ref_72","unstructured":"Kowalski, M.L., and Kubsik, B. (2010). Asthma and obesity, Allergy Asthma Allergology, nr 15\/1."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.56.8.589","article-title":"Asthma in preschool children: Prevalence and risk factors","volume":"56","author":"Haby","year":"2001","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woods, R.K., and Thien, F. (2002). Polyunsaturated fats and asthma. Thorax, 57.","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.57.1.94"},{"key":"ref_75","unstructured":"Kokot, F. (2006). Internal Diseases. Part 2, PZWL."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.16.9.1301","article-title":"Metabolic effects of dietary sucrose in type II diabetic subjects","volume":"16","author":"Bantle","year":"1993","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_77","unstructured":"Sieradzki, J. (2007). Diabetes. Vol I, Via Medica."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3241","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1986.03380230065027","article-title":"Metabolic effects of dietary fructose and sucrose in types I and II diabetic subjects","volume":"256","author":"Bantle","year":"1986","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_79","unstructured":"Sieradzki, J. (Medical Guide, 2000). Obesity and diabetes, Medical Guide."},{"key":"ref_80","unstructured":"Szczeklik, A., and Szczeklik\u2019s Internal Medicine (2012). Internal Diseases Student\u2019s book, Practical Medicine."},{"key":"ref_81","unstructured":"Yamada, T. (2006). Gastroenterology Student\u2019s Book, Publishing House Czelej Ltd."},{"key":"ref_82","unstructured":"Konturek, S.J. (2006). Gastroenterology and Clinical Hepatology, PZWL."},{"key":"ref_83","unstructured":"Kokot, F. (2006). Internal Diseases. Part I, PZWL."},{"key":"ref_84","unstructured":"Piecha, G., and Wi\u0119cek, A. (Medical Guide, 2012). Disorder of reins at corpulent persons\u2014Pathogenesis and medication, Medical Guide, no 1."},{"key":"ref_85","unstructured":"Jeziorski, A. (2009). Oncology. Student\u2019s Book for Nurses, PZWL."},{"key":"ref_86","unstructured":"Kordek, R. (2007). Student\u2019s Book for Students and Medicals, Via Medica."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-014-0199-y","article-title":"Fat and bone interactions","volume":"12","author":"Bermeo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Osteoporos. Rep."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013","article-title":"Bone marrow fat","volume":"81","author":"Hardouin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine."},{"key":"ref_89","unstructured":"Ja\u017awa, P., Rojek, A., and Snela, S. (2010). Medical review of University in Rzeszow and National Drug Institute in Warsaw. no 3."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.01.001","article-title":"Obesity and dermatology","volume":"22","author":"Scheinfeld","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200203070-00006","article-title":"Dermatological Complications of Obesity","volume":"3","author":"Hidalgo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_92","unstructured":"Burgdorf, W.H.C., Landthaler, M., Plewig, G., and Wolff, H.H. (2011). Braun\u2014Falco\u2019s Dermatology. Part 3, Publishing House Czelej Ltd."},{"key":"ref_93","unstructured":"Ogden, J. (2011). Psychology of Nourish, Jagiellonian University Publishing House."},{"key":"ref_94","unstructured":"Aue, W. (2006). A Man on Environment. Part I, WSiP."},{"key":"ref_95","unstructured":"Dylewska-Grzelakowska, J. (1999). Cosmetology Applied, WSiP."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2013.233","article-title":"Comprehending emotional eating in obese youngsters: The role of parental rejection and emotion regulation","volume":"38","author":"Vandewalle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2009.05.004","article-title":"\u201cCan Relaxation Training Reduce Emotional Eating in Women with Obesity?\u201d","volume":"109","author":"Manzoni","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_98","first-page":"5","article-title":"Psychosocial consequences for women with over mass body from a social perspective","volume":"81","author":"Leksy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Medicine News"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suchocka, Z. (2003). Obesity\u2014Grounds and medication, E-newletter of Faculty Pharmaceutical AMW, no 1.","DOI":"10.56782\/pps.40"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS2005423","article-title":"Physical activity and obesity prevention: A review of the current evidence","volume":"64","author":"Wareham","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2009.089680","article-title":"Leisure-time physical activity dose-response effects on obesity among US adults: Results from the 1999\u20132006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"64","author":"Seo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Community Health."},{"key":"ref_102","unstructured":"Tato\u0144, J. (1995). Relatedness between obesity and type 2 diabetes, Polish Weekly Medical."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.312","article-title":"Physical activity and weight gain prevention","volume":"303","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_104","first-page":"30","article-title":"Physical activity in prophylaxis and medication of obesity","volume":"2","author":"Markiewicz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrinology Obesity and Metabolite Disorders"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0009.2009.00550.x","article-title":"Physical activity and food environments: Solutions to the obesity epidemic","volume":"87","author":"Sallis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Milbank Q."},{"key":"ref_106","unstructured":"Jarosz, M. (2006). Healthy-Polish, Institute of Food and Nutrition."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/12\/8\/9408\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T20:50:33Z","timestamp":1760215833000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/12\/8\/9408"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,12]]},"references-count":106,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph120809408"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph120809408","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,12]]}}}