{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T18:18:25Z","timestamp":1777054705716,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,16]],"date-time":"2015-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1442361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Incarcerated women enter the prison setting with remarkable histories of trauma, mental health and substance abuse issues. Given the stress of incarceration and separation from their children, families, and significant others, it is not surprising that many women experience increased anxiety, depression, and problems with sleep. Due to these negative outcomes, it is imperative to find efficient non-pharmacological interventions. This pilot study examined the impact of a 12-week mindfulness based program on the stress, anxiety, depression and sleep of women with a total of 33 completing the study. In one group, women\u2019s perceived stress, anxiety and depression were all significantly lower following the intervention compared to prior to the intervention. Challenges with implementing the pilot study are addressed. Despite challenges and limitations, the low-cost non-pharmacological intervention has potential for a reducing the symptoms of anxiety and depression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph120911594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,16]],"date-time":"2015-09-16T10:33:36Z","timestamp":1442399616000},"page":"11594-11607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["The Impact of a Mindfulness Based Program on Perceived Stress, Anxiety, Depression and Sleep of Incarcerated Women"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ginette","family":"Ferszt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joyce","family":"Hickey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Rhode Island, College of Nursing, Kingston, RI 02881, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fleet","family":"Maull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prison Mindfulness Institute, Providence, RI 02881, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Crisp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prison Mindfulness Institute, Providence, RI 02881, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"West, H.C., and Sabol, W.J. (2010). Prison Inmates at Midyear 2008. Bureau of Justice Statistics."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.065375","article-title":"Health disparities and incarcerated women: A population ignored","volume":"9","author":"Braithwaite","year":"2005","journal-title":"Amer. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Carson, E.A. (2015). Prisoners in 2013."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Gido, R.I., and Dalley, L.P. (2009). Women\u2019s Health Issues across the Criminal Justice System, Prentice Hall."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"85","article-title":"Creating gender-responsive programs: The next step for women\u2019s services","volume":"63","author":"Covington","year":"2001","journal-title":"Correct. Today"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Glaze, L.D., and Maruschak, L.M. (2009). Parents in Prison and Their Minor Children: Bureau of Justice Statistics.","DOI":"10.1037\/e513862010-001"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Gido, R.L., and Dalley, L. (2009). Women\u2019s Health Issues across the Criminal Justice System, Prentice Hall."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Mallicoat, S. (2015). Women\u2019s Health Issues across the Criminal Justice System, Sage Publications Incorporated."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1300\/J076v32n04_05","article-title":"Family programming for incarcerated parents: A needs assessment among inmates","volume":"32","author":"Kazura","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Offender Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, S., and Amtmann, D. (2013). Psychometric evaluation of the perceived stress scale in multiple sclerosis. Int. Sch. Res. Not., 2013.","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/608356"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00960780","article-title":"An evaluation of the perceived stress scale in two client populations","volume":"14","author":"Naquin","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Psychopathol. Behav. Assess."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3287","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph8083287","article-title":"Perceived stress scale: Reliability and validity study in Greece","volume":"8","author":"Andreou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Frank-Stromborg, H., and Olsen, S. (2004). Instruments for Clinical Health-Care Research, Jones & Bartlett Publishers."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1080\/13651500902812043","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of insomnia in prison using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index: Which are the factors predicting insomnia?","volume":"13","author":"Elger","year":"2009","journal-title":"In. J. Psychiatry Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Zhang, W., O\u2019Brien, N., Forrest, J., Patterson, T., Montanor, J., Hogg, R., and Lima, V. (2102). Validating a shortened depression scale (10 item CES-D) among HIV-positive people in British Columbia, Canada. PLoS ONE."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v69n0415","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral therapy for adults with anxiety disorders: A meta-analysis of randomized placebo controlled trials","volume":"69","author":"Hofmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"56","article-title":"The potential benefits of meditation in a correctional setting","volume":"69","author":"Sumter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Correct. Today"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2011.04.006","article-title":"Effects of mindfulness on psychological health: A review of empirical studies","volume":"31","author":"Keng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1002\/bsl.894","article-title":"Conducting research in correctional settings: Challenges and solutions","volume":"277","author":"Wakai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav. Sci. Law"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1097\/NNE.0b013e3182333f49","article-title":"Navigating the challenges of prison research with women","volume":"36","author":"Ferszt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nurse Educ."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thabane, L., Jinhui, M., Rong, C., Cheng, J., Ismaila, A., Rios, L.P., Robson, R., Marroon, T., Giangregorio, L., and Goldsmith, C.H. (2010). A tutorial on pilot studies: the what, why and how. BMC Med. Res. Methodol.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-10-1"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/12\/9\/11594\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T20:48:38Z","timestamp":1760215718000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/12\/9\/11594"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,16]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph120911594"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph120911594","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,16]]}}}