{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:41:17Z","timestamp":1791420077305,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,14]],"date-time":"2015-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1444780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"None"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>For public health policy and planning it is important to understand the relative contribution of environmental noise on health compared to other environmental stressors. Air pollution is the primary environmental stressor in relation to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This paper reports a narrative review of studies in which the associations of both environmental noise and air pollution with health have been examined. Studies of hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, mortality and cognitive outcomes were included. Results suggest independent effects of environmental noise from road traffic, aircraft and, with fewer studies, railway noise on cardiovascular outcomes after adjustment for air pollution. Comparative burden of disease studies demonstrate that air pollution is the primary environmental cause of disability adjusted life years lost (DALYs). Environmental noise is ranked second in terms of DALYs in Europe and the DALYs attributed to noise were more than those attributed to lead, ozone and dioxins. In conclusion, in planning and health impact assessment environmental noise should be considered an independent contributor to health risk which has a separate and substantial role in ill-health separate to that of air pollution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph121012735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,14]],"date-time":"2015-10-14T10:52:42Z","timestamp":1444819962000},"page":"12735-12760","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":149,"title":["Noise Effects on Health in the Context of Air Pollution Exposure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Stephen","family":"Stansfeld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Psychiatry, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square,  London EC1M 6BQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61613-X","article-title":"Auditory and non-auditory effects of noise on health","volume":"383","author":"Basner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2008.042358","article-title":"The joint association of air pollution and noise from road traffic with cardiovascular mortality in a cohort study","volume":"66","author":"Beelen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Occup. 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