{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T21:15:24Z","timestamp":1791666924305,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,20]],"date-time":"2015-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea Grant","award":["NRF-2013S1A01055336"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2013S1A01055336"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The study examines the prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt, and associated factors among school-going urban adolescents in Peru. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a sample of 916 secondary school adolescents in 2014. A structured questionnaire adapted from Global School-based Student Health Survey was used to obtain information. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models at 5% level of significance. Overall, 26.3% reported having suicidal ideation, and 17.5% reported having attempted suicide during the past 12 months. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female sex, being in a fight, being insulted, being attacked, perceived unhappiness, smoking and sexual intercourse initiation were significantly associated with increased risk of suicidal ideation, while female sex, being in a fight, being insulted, being attacked, perceived unhappiness, alcohol and illicit drug use were related to suicide attempt. The prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts observed in the survey area is relatively high. Female adolescents are particularly vulnerable to report suicidal ideation and suicide attempt. Interventions that address the issue of violence against adolescents, fighting with peers, health risk behaviors particularly initiation of smoking, alcohol and illicit drug use and encourage supportive role of parents may reduce the risk of suicidal behaviors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph121114842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,24]],"date-time":"2015-11-24T01:57:02Z","timestamp":1448330222000},"page":"14842-14856","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Factors Associated with Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempt among School-Going Urban Adolescents in Peru"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Bimala","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yonsei Global Health Center, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju City, Gangwon-do,  220-710, Korea"},{"name":"Institute for Poverty Alleviation and International Development, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju City, Gangwon-do, 220-710, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Health Administration, Graduate School, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil,  Wonju City, Gangwon-do, 220-710, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yonsei Global Health Center, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju City, Gangwon-do,  220-710, Korea"},{"name":"Institute for Poverty Alleviation and International Development, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju City, Gangwon-do, 220-710, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Health Administration, Graduate School, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil,  Wonju City, Gangwon-do, 220-710, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ha","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yonsei Global Health Center, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju City, Gangwon-do,  220-710, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Health Administration, Graduate School, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil,  Wonju City, Gangwon-do, 220-710, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yonsei Global Health Center, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju City, Gangwon-do,  220-710, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju City, Gangwon-do, 220-710, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization Available online: http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs398\/en\/."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization Available online: http:\/\/www.who.int\/mental health\/suicide-prevention\/world report 2014."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"114","article-title":"Global suicide rates among young people aged 15\u201319","volume":"4","author":"Wasserman","year":"2005","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60741-8","article-title":"Global patterns of mortality in young people: A systematic analysis of population health data","volume":"374","author":"Patton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61607-X","article-title":"Young people: Not as healthy as they seem","volume":"374","author":"Blum","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"World Health Organization Available online: http:\/\/www.who.int\/mental_health\/evidence\/atlas\/profiles\/per_mh_profile."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2011.05.006","article-title":"Violence against women is strongly associated with suicide attempts: Evidence from the WHO multi-country study on women\u2019s health and domestic violence against women","volume":"73","author":"Devries","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-013-0131-5","article-title":"The relation between child maltreatment and adolescent suicidal behavior: A systematic review and critical examination of the literature","volume":"16","author":"Miller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Child Fam. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291706008646","article-title":"Childhood adversities and risk for suicidal ideation and attempts: A longitudinal population-based study","volume":"36","author":"Enns","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2003.08.006","article-title":"Sexual abuse and suicidality: Gender differences in a large community sample of adolescents","volume":"28","author":"Martin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2006.04.007","article-title":"Childhood physical and sexual abuse and lifetime number of suicide attempts: A persistent and theoretically important relationship","volume":"45","author":"Joiner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.83.2.179","article-title":"Aggression, substance use, and suicidal behaviors in high school students","volume":"83","author":"Garrison","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370705201007","article-title":"The association between health risk behavior and suicidal ideation and attempt in a nationally representative sample of young adolescents","volume":"52","author":"Afifi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Randall, J.R., Doku, D., Wilson, M.L., and Peltzer, K. (2014). Suicidal behaviour and related risk factors among school-aged youth in the Republic of Benin. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088233"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2009.06.014","article-title":"Associations between smoking and alcohol drinking and suicidal behavior in Korean adolescents: Korea Youth Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance, 2006","volume":"49","author":"Han","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph9020462","article-title":"Suicidal ideation and associated factors among school-going adolescents in Thailand","volume":"9","author":"Peltzer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"202","article-title":"Suicidal ideation and associated factors among in-school adolescents in Zambia","volume":"9","author":"Muula","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tanzan. Health Res. Bull."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-6-76","article-title":"Life time suicidal thoughts in an urban community in Hanoi, Vietnam","volume":"6","author":"Thanh","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.040113","article-title":"Cross-national prevalence and risk factors for suicidal ideation, plans and attempts","volume":"192","author":"Nock","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60322-5","article-title":"Self-harm and suicide in adolescents","volume":"379","author":"Hawton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silva, R.J.D.S., Santos, F.A.L.D., Soares, N.M.M., and Pardono, E. (2014). Suicidal ideation and associated factors among adolescents in northeastern Brazil. Sci. World J.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/450943"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.2008.0397.x","article-title":"Bullying and symptoms of depression in Chilean middle school students","volume":"79","author":"Fleming","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Sch. Health"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2010.02.002","article-title":"What is adolescence?: Adolescents narrate their lives in Lima, Peru","volume":"33","author":"Bayer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Adolesc."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.12271","article-title":"Victimization among Peruvian adolescents: Insights into mental\/emotional health from the Young Lives study","volume":"85","author":"Lister","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Sch. Health"},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Centre for Disease Control and Prevention Available online: http:\/\/www.who.int\/chp\/gshs\/GSHS_Report_Peru_2010.pdf."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"World Health Organization Available online: http:\/\/www.who.int\/chp\/gshs\/GSHS_Core_Modules_2013_English.pdf."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, P.C., Lee, L.K., Wong, K.C., and Kaur, J. (2005). Factors relating to adolescent suicidal behavior: A cross-sectional Malaysian school survey. J. Adolesc. Health, 37.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2004.10.018"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2010.03.009","article-title":"Prevalence and determinants of suicide ideation among Lebanese adolescents: Results of the GSHS Lebanon 2005","volume":"34","author":"Mahfoud","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Adolesc."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rudatsikira, E., Muula, A.S., and Siziya, S. (2007). Prevalence and associated factors of suicidal ideation among school-going adolescents in Guyana: Results from a cross sectional study. Clin. Pract. Epidemiol. Ment. Health, 3.","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-0179-3-13"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2004.08.027","article-title":"Suicidality and correlates among rural adolescents of China","volume":"37","author":"Liu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2013.10.003","article-title":"Self-reported suicidality and its predictors among adolescents from a pre-university college in Bangalore, India","volume":"7","author":"Bhola","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.06.036","article-title":"Life-time and current suicide-ideation in Australian secondary school students: Socio-demographic, health and psychological predictors","volume":"151","author":"Delfabbro","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-7-67","article-title":"Suicidal ideation and associated factors among school-going adolescents in rural Uganda","volume":"7","author":"Rudatsikira","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatr."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867414540752","article-title":"Twelve-month prevalence and predictors of self-reported suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among Korean adolescents in a web-based nationwide survey","volume":"49","author":"Kang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. Psychiatr."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chau, K., Kabuth, B., and Chau, N. (2014). Gender and family disparities in suicide attempt and role of socioeconomic, school, and health-related difficulties in early adolescence. Biomed. Res. Int., 2014.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/314521"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-010-0179-0","article-title":"Familism, parent-adolescent conflict, self-esteem, internalizing behaviors and suicide attempts among adolescent Latinas","volume":"41","author":"Kuhlberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Child Psychiatr. Hum. Dev."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4122","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph9114122","article-title":"Suicidal expression among school-attending adolescents in a middle-income sub-Saharan country","volume":"9","author":"Wilson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2007.03.003","article-title":"Gender, early alcohol use, and suicide ideation and attempts: Findings from the 2005 youth risk behavior survey","volume":"41","author":"Swahn","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12291","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph121012291","article-title":"Early substance use initiation and suicide ideation and attempts among school-aged adolescents in four Pacific Island Countries in Oceania","volume":"12","author":"Peltzer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2010.51.1.18","article-title":"Early initiation of alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking, and sexual intercourse linked to suicidal ideation and attempts: Findings from the 2006 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Survey","volume":"51","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Yonsei Med. J."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Osorio, A., Lopez-del Burgo, C., Ruiz-Canela, M., Carlos, S., and de Irala, J. (2015). Safe-sex belief and sexual risk behaviours among adolescents from three developing countries: A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 5.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-007826"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"25","article-title":"Sexual initiation among adolescents (10 to 14 years old) and health behaviors","volume":"18","author":"Machado","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-007-9205-5","article-title":"Life satisfaction decreases during adolescence","volume":"16","author":"Goldbeck","year":"2007","journal-title":"Qual. Life Res."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"1433","article-title":"Predictors of suicidal ideation for adolescents by gender","volume":"35","author":"Park","year":"2005","journal-title":"Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2008.08.005","article-title":"Body image dissatisfaction as an important contributor to suicidal ideation in Korean adolescents: Gender difference and mediation of parent and peer relationships","volume":"66","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.2007.00168.x","article-title":"Children at risk: The association between perceived weight status and suicidal thoughts and attempts in middle school youth","volume":"77","author":"Whetstone","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Sch. Health"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.159.6.513","article-title":"Associations of body mass index and perceived weight with suicide ideation and suicide attempts among US high school students","volume":"159","author":"Eaton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sveticic, J., and de Leo, D. (2012). The hypothesis of a continuum in suicidality: A discussion on its validity and practical implications. Ment. Ill, 4.","DOI":"10.4081\/mi.2012.e15"},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"DEVIDA-Comision Nacional Para El Desarrollo Y Vida Sin Drogas (2013). IV Estudio Nacional: Prevenci\u00f3n y Consumo de Drogas en Estudiantes de Secundaria 2012, USAID."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1177\/001316447003000308","article-title":"Determining sample size for research activities","volume":"30","author":"Krejcie","year":"1970","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol. Meas."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/12\/11\/14842\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T20:52:30Z","timestamp":1760215950000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/12\/11\/14842"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,20]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph121114842"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph121114842","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,20]]}}}