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In total, road transport was found to be responsible for 650 deaths in 2012 (2.1% of annual mortality): 308 from traffic accidents, 283 as a result of air pollution, and 59 from noise. Together with morbidity, these represent a total burden of disease of 26,610 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). An estimated 40 deaths and 1874 DALYs were avoided through active transport. Cars are responsible for about 52% of attributable deaths, but heavy goods vehicles (6% of vehicle kilometres travelled, vkt) accounted for 21% of deaths. Motorcycles (1 per cent of vkt) are implicated in nearly 8% of deaths. Overall, impacts of traffic-related air pollution and noise are low compared to other developed countries, but road accident rates are high. Results highlight the need for policies targeted at road accidents, and especially at heavy goods vehicles and motorcycles, along with more general action to reduce the reliance on private road transport. The study also provides a framework for national indicator development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13010061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,23]],"date-time":"2015-12-23T06:52:19Z","timestamp":1450853539000},"page":"61","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Rapid Assessment of Environmental Health Impacts for Policy Support: The Example of Road Transport in New Zealand"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Briggs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emeritus Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kylie","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington 6140, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barry","family":"Borman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington 6140, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2010.03.026","article-title":"An integrated assessment of climate change, air pollution, and energy security policy","volume":"38","author":"Bollen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Energ. 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