{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T20:31:01Z","timestamp":1780518661675,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,30]],"date-time":"2016-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Food insecurity and hunger during childhood are associated with an array of developmental problems in multiple domains, including impulse control problems and violence. Unfortunately, extant research is based primarily on small convenience samples and an epidemiological assessment of the hunger-violence link is lacking. The current study employed data from Wave 1 (2001\u20132002) and Wave 2 (2004\u20132005) of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). The NESARC is a nationally representative sample of non-institutionalized U.S. residents aged 18 years and older. Participants who experienced frequent hunger during childhood had significantly greater impulsivity, worse self-control, and greater involvement in several forms of interpersonal violence. These effects were stronger among whites, Hispanics, and males. The findings support general theoretical models implicating impulse control problems as a key correlate of crime and violence and add another facet to the importance of ameliorating food neglect in the United States.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13040389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,30]],"date-time":"2016-03-30T16:47:27Z","timestamp":1459356447000},"page":"389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Childhood Reports of Food Neglect and Impulse Control Problems and Violence in Adulthood"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Vaughn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Salas-Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Naeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Piquero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Criminology, School of Economic, Political and Policy Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75080, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/121.3.408","article-title":"Food insecurity: A nutritional outcome or a predictor variable?","volume":"121","author":"Campbell","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. 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