{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T17:40:25Z","timestamp":1772818825290,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,21]],"date-time":"2016-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1469059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012553","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPG8E1271"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG8E1271"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: High-grade blunt hepatic and\/or splenic injuries (BHSI) remain a great challenge for trauma surgeons. The main aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics, mortality rates, and outcomes of high-grade BHSI in motorcyclists and car occupants hospitalized for treatment of traumatic injuries in a Level I trauma center in southern Taiwan. Methods: High-grade BHSI are defined as grade III-VI blunt hepatic injuries and grade III-V blunt splenic injuries. This retrospective study reviewed the data of 101 motorcyclists and 32 car occupants who experienced a high-grade BHSI from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2013. Two-sided Fisher\u2019s exact or Pearson\u2019s chi-square tests were used to compare categorical data, unpaired Student\u2019s t-test was used to analyze normally distributed continuous data, and Mann\u2013Whitney\u2019s U test was used to compare non-normally distributed data. Results: In this study, the majority (76%, 101\/133) of high-grade BHSI were due to motorcycle crashes. Car occupants had a significantly higher injury severity score (ISS; 26.8 \u00b1 10.9 vs. 20.7 \u00b1 10.4, respectively, p = 0.005) and organ injured score (OIS; 3.8 \u00b1 1.0 vs. 3.4 \u00b1 0.6, respectively, p = 0.033), as well as a significantly longer hospital length of stay (LOS; 21.2 days vs. 14.6 days, respectively, p = 0.038) than did motorcyclists. Car occupants with high-grade BHSI also had worse clinical presentations than their motorcyclist counterparts, including a significantly higher incidence of hypotension, hyperpnea, tube thoracostomy, blood transfusion &gt;4 units, LOS in intensive care unit &gt;5 days, and complications. However, there were no differences in the percentage of angiography or laparotomy performed or mortality rate between these two groups of patients. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that car occupants with high-grade BHSI were injured more severely, had a higher incidence of worse clinical presentation, had a longer hospital LOS, and had a higher incidence of complications than motorcyclists. The results also implied that specific attention should be paid to those car occupants with high-grade BHSI, whose critical condition should not be underestimated because of the concept that the patients within in a car are much safer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13070739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,21]],"date-time":"2016-07-21T09:48:05Z","timestamp":1469094485000},"page":"739","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["How Does the Severity of Injury Vary between Motorcycle and Automobile Accident Victims Who Sustain High-Grade Blunt Hepatic and\/or Splenic Injuries? Results of a Retrospective Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ting-Min","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Trauma, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Song District, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsung-Cheng","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yueh-Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Trauma, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Song District, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0945-2746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ching-Hua","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Trauma, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Song District, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"214","article-title":"Impact of transportation policy on injury characteristics in a teaching hospital, Calabar, Nigeria","volume":"3","author":"Ikpeme","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. 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