{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T01:18:21Z","timestamp":1782782301588,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,26]],"date-time":"2016-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Low 25(OH) vitamin D levels have been associated with several autoimmune diseases and recently with autoimmune thyroiditis (AT). The aim of the study was to investigate the association of AT with low 25(OH) vitamin D levels in the elderly. Methods: One hundred sixty-eight elderly subjects (mean age: 81.6 \u00b1 9.4 years) were enrolled. Serum levels of 25(OH) vitamin D, anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO-Ab), anti-thyroglobulin (TG-Ab) antibodies, free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured. Results: The prevalence of AT was significantly higher in subjects with vitamin D deficiency (25(OH) vitamin D &lt; 20 ng\/mL) when compared with subjects with normal 25(OH) vitamin D (25(OH) vitamin D \u2265 20 ng\/mL) levels (28% vs. 8%, respectively, p = 0.002). Patients with AT and vitamin D deficiency had a comparable hormonal profile compared to patients with AT and vitamin D sufficiency in terms of TSH (p = 0.39), FT3 (p = 0.30), FT4 (p = 0.31), TG-Ab (0.44) and TPO-Ab (0.35). Interestingly, a significant correlation between 25(OH) vitamin D and TPO-Ab (r = \u22120.27, p = 0.03) and FT3 (r = 0.35, p = 0.006) has been found in subjects with AT while no correlation was found between 25(OH) vitamin D levels and TG-Ab (r = \u22120.15, p = 0.25), TSH (r = \u22120.014, p = 0.09) and FT4 (r = 0.13, p = 0.32). Conclusions: These findings suggest that vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with AT in the elderly. Therefore, the screening for AT should be suggested in subjects with vitamin D deficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13090850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,26]],"date-time":"2016-08-26T09:58:48Z","timestamp":1472205528000},"page":"850","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["25 Hydroxyvitamin D Deficiency and Its Relationship to Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in the Elderly"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Muscogiuri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"I.O.S. & COLEMAN Srl, Via Alcide De Gasperi, 107,109,111, Acerra (NA) 80011, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Mari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Via Della Commenda 9\/12, Milan 20122, Italy"},{"name":"Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace, 9, Milan 20122, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Prolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Via Della Commenda 9\/12, Milan 20122, Italy"},{"name":"Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace, 9, Milan 20122, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Letizia","family":"Fatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Piazzale Brescia 20, Milan 20149, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Cantone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Via Della Commenda 9\/12, Milan 20122, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Garagnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, Bologna 40126, Italy"},{"name":"Interdepartmental Center \u201cL. Galvani\u201d (C.I.G.), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, Bologna 40126, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Arosio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Via Della Commenda 9\/12, Milan 20122, Italy"},{"name":"Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace, 9, Milan 20122, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Di Somma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS SDN, Napoli Via Gianturco 113, Naples 80143, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2478-683X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Vitale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Via Della Commenda 9\/12, Milan 20122, Italy"},{"name":"Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Via Zucchi 18, Cusano Milanino (MI) 20095, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.6.1689S","article-title":"Overview of general physiologic features and functions of vitamin D","volume":"80","author":"DeLuca","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. 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