{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T13:34:17Z","timestamp":1791466457502,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,19]],"date-time":"2017-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484784000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["70903019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["70903019"]}]},{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["71273002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71273002"]}]},{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["71473064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71473064"]}]},{"name":"New Century Excellent Talents of University from the Ministry of Education, China","award":["1252-NCET02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1252-NCET02"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015M570211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015M570211"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016T90181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016T90181"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Association of Social Sciences","award":["15058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15058"]}]},{"name":"the Collaborative Innovation Centre of Social Risks Governance in Health"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This research aimed to determine the prevalence of workplace violence (WPV) against healthcare workers, explore the frequency distribution of violence in different occupational groups, and determine which healthcare occupation suffers from WPV most frequently. Furthermore, the current study aimed to compare risk factors affecting different types of WPV in Chinese hospitals. A cross-sectional design was utilized. A total of 1899 healthcare workers from Heilongjiang, a province in Northeastern China, completed the questionnaire. Of the respondents, 83.3% reported exposure to workplace violence, and 68.9% reported non-physical violence. Gender, education, shift work, anxiety level, and occupation were significantly correlated with physical violence (p &lt; 0.05 for all correlations). Additionally, age, professional title, and occupation were correlated with non-physical violence, which critically affected doctors. Thus, gender, age, profession, anxiety, and shift work were predictive of workplace violence toward healthcare workers. Doctors appeared to experience non-physical workplace violence with particularly higher frequency when compared to nurses and other workers in hospitals. For healthcare workers, interventions aimed at WPV reduction should be enacted according to the types of violence, profession, and other factors underlying the various types of WPV in hospitals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14010096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,19]],"date-time":"2017-01-19T10:55:40Z","timestamp":1484823340000},"page":"96","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Workplace Violence against Health Care Workers in North Chinese Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Survey"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Peihang","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Policy and Hospital Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihua","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Resources Department, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongkun","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Finance and Public Management, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingli","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Policy and Hospital Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China"},{"name":"Institute of Quantitative and Technical Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Science, Beijing 100000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Policy and Hospital Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yapeng","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Department of Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qunhong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morken, T., Johansen, I.H., and Alsaker, K. 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