{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T05:47:49Z","timestamp":1784612869972,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,12]],"date-time":"2017-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Research shows potential effects of floods on intestinal infections. Baise, a city in Guangxi Province (China) had experienced several floods between 2004 and 2012 due to heavy and constant precipitation. This study aimed to examine the relationship between floods and the incidence of bacillary dysentery in Baise. A mixed generalized additive model and Spearman correlation were applied to analyze the relationship between monthly incidence of bacillary dysentery and 14 flood events with two severity levels. Data collected from 2004 to 2010 were utilized to estimate the parameters, whereas data from 2011 to 2012 were used to validate the model. There were in total 9255 cases of bacillary dysentery included in our analyses. According to the mixed generalized additive model, the relative risks (RR) of moderate and severe floods on the incidence of bacillary dysentery were 1.40 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16\u20131.69) and 1.78 (95% CI: 1.61\u20131.97), respectively. The regression analysis also indicated that the flood duration was negatively associated with the incidence of bacillary dysentery (with RR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.40\u20130.86). Therfore, this research suggests that floods exert a significant part in enhancing the risk of bacillary dysentery in Baise. Moreover, severe floods have a higher proportional contribution to the incidence of bacillary dysentery than moderate floods. In addition, short-term floods may contribute more to the incidence of bacillary dysentery than a long-term flood. The findings from this research will provide more evidence to reduce health risks related to floods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14020179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,15]],"date-time":"2017-02-15T10:09:07Z","timestamp":1487153347000},"page":"179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Effects of Floods on the Incidence of Bacillary Dysentery in Baise (Guangxi Province, China) from 2004 to 2012"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xuena","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China"},{"name":"Center for Climate Change and Health, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhidong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China"},{"name":"Center for Climate Change and Health, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, China Studies Centre, the University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baofa","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China"},{"name":"Center for Climate Change and Health, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2007.04.002","article-title":"Social Support and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Flood Victims in Hunan, China","volume":"17","author":"Feng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.06.003","article-title":"Floods and human health: A systematic review","volume":"47","author":"Alderman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies World Disasters Report 2015. Available online: http:\/\/ifrc-media.org\/interactive\/world-disasters-report-2015\/."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wakuma, A.S., Mandere, N., and Ewald, G. (2009). Floods and health in Gambella region, Ethiopia: A qualitative assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of coping mechanisms. Glob. Health Action, 2.","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v2i0.2019"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3724\/SP.J.1248.2014.057","article-title":"Projected Flood Risks in China Based on CMIP5","volume":"5","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Clim. Chang. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"59","article-title":"Review and expectation of flood control and drought relief in Guangxi","volume":"S2","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Guangxi Water Resour. Hydropower Eng."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Parry, M.L. (2007). Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"197","article-title":"The global burden of diarrhoeal disease, as estimated from studies published between 1992 and 2000","volume":"81","author":"Kosek","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1039\/C1EM10391A","article-title":"Projected Years Lost due to Disabilities (YLDs) for bacillary dysentery related to increased temperature in temperate and subtropical cities of China","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Environ. Monit."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"304","article-title":"Analysis on bacillary dysentery surveillance data collected from the National Surveillance System in 2007","volume":"31","author":"Zhong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X00008141","article-title":"Health impacts of floods","volume":"25","author":"Du","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prehosp. Disaster Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-012-1239-z","article-title":"Correlation analysis for the attack of bacillary dysentery and meteorological factors based on the Chinese medicine theory of Yunqi and the medical-meteorological forecast model","volume":"19","author":"Ma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin. J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, W., Sun, X., Song, Y., Tao, F., Feng, W., He, Y., Zhao, N., and Yuan, Z. (2013). Applied mixed generalized additive model to assess the effect of temperature on the incidence of bacillary dysentery and its forecast. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062122"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxi004","article-title":"Global Health Impacts of Floods: Epidemiologic Evidence","volume":"27","author":"Ahern","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X00000340","article-title":"Post-flood\u2014Infectious diseases in Mozambique","volume":"17","author":"Kondo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prehosp. Disaster Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-015-4465-y","article-title":"Distribution and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the surface soil of Baise, China","volume":"187","author":"Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"State Bureau of Technical Supervision of China (1995). GB 16002-1995: Diagnostic Criteria and Principles of Management of Bacillary and Amebic Dysentery, (In Chinese)."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Ministry of Health of the People\u2019s Republic of China (2006). Emergency Events and Regulation of the Notifiable Disease Surveillance System, (In Chinese)."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"26","article-title":"Analysis on the operational status of Direct Network Report system for infectious diseases","volume":"19","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"China Meteorological Administration (2004\u20132012). The Yearbook of Meteorological Disasters in China, China Meteorological Press. (In Chinese)."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.11150\/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.79.864","article-title":"Symptoms of food-borne diseases and gastroenteritis in Kyushu, Japan","volume":"79","author":"Kudaka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Kansenshogaku Zasshi"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Peng, L., Kan, H., Xu, J., Chen, R., Liu, Y., and Wang, W. (2014). Effects of meteorological factors on daily hospital admissions for asthma in adults: A time-series analysis. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102475"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0198","article-title":"Meteorological variables and bacillary dysentery cases in Changsha City, China","volume":"90","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2010.09.001","article-title":"Modeling the impact of climate variability on diarrheaassociated diseases in Taiwan (1996\u20132007)","volume":"409","author":"Chou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"288","article-title":"Association of climate change and time distribution of intestinal infectious diseases in Dalian, China","volume":"13","author":"An","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin. Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"China Meteorological Data Service Center. Available online: http:\/\/cdc.nmic.cn\/."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"The Center for Public Health Science Data in China. Available online: http:\/\/www.phsciencedata.cn\/."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2005.01.020","article-title":"The utility of geographic information systems (GIS) in rapid epidemiological assessments following weather-related disasters: methodological issues based on the Tropical Storm Allison Experience","volume":"208","author":"Waring","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Waring, S.C., Reynolds, K.M., D\u2019Souza, G., and Arafat, R.R. (2002). Rapid assessment of household needs in the Houston area after Tropical Storm Allison. Disaster Manag. Response, 3\u20139."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"39","article-title":"Health impacts of flooding in Lewes: A comparison of reported gastrointestinal and other illness and mental health in flooded and non-flooded households","volume":"7","author":"Reacher","year":"2004","journal-title":"Commun. Dis. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PHH.0000285197.23932.3e","article-title":"Survey on the population\u2019s needs and the public health response during floods in Germany 2002","volume":"13","author":"Schnitzler","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Public Health Manag. Pract."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyt092","article-title":"Time series regression studies in environmental epidemiology","volume":"42","author":"Bhaskaran","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3278","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268816001084","article-title":"Short-term impacts of floods on enteric infectious disease in Qingdao, China, 2005\u20132011","volume":"144","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2014.05.016","article-title":"Effects of the floods on dysentery in north central region of Henan Province, China from 2004 to 2009","volume":"69","author":"Ni","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"762","article-title":"The impacts of extreme events of weather and climate on infectious disease","volume":"38","author":"Qin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Wei Sheng Yan Jiu"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2008.08.026","article-title":"Climate change and waterborne disease risk in the Great Lakes region of the U.S","volume":"35","author":"Patz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"715","article-title":"Climate change and infectious diseases in North America: The road ahead","volume":"178","author":"Greer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can. Med. Assoc. J."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1080\/02772248.2013.859841","article-title":"Bacteriological quality assessment of drinking water available at the flood affected areas of Peshawar","volume":"95","author":"Farhat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol. Environ. Chem."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosust.2011.10.010","article-title":"Developing a water literacy","volume":"3","author":"Su","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosust.2011.10.006","article-title":"Quantifying the impact of climate change on enteric waterborne pathogen concentrations in surface water","volume":"3","author":"Hofstra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268812001653","article-title":"Extreme water-related weather events and waterborne disease","volume":"141","author":"Cann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1256\/wea.29.05","article-title":"Climate change impacts and adaptation: A science agenda for the Environment Agency of England and Wales","volume":"60","author":"Wilby","year":"2005","journal-title":"Weather"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.07.021","article-title":"Climate change and waterborne diarrhoea in northern India: Impacts and adaptation strategies","volume":"468\u2013469","author":"Moors","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2010.02.011","article-title":"Survival of manure-borne E. coli in streambed sediment: Effects of temperature and sediment properties","volume":"44","author":"Shelton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-1688.2008.00287.x","article-title":"Fate and transport modeling of potential pathogens: The contribution from sediments","volume":"45","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23904","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v7.23904","article-title":"Impacts of floods on dysentery in Xinxiang city, China, during 2004\u20132010: A time-series Poisson analysis","volume":"7","author":"Ni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glob. Health Action"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0825","article-title":"Analysis of Risk and Burden of Dysentery Associated with Floods from 2004 to 2010 in Nanning, China","volume":"93","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/14\/2\/179\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:28:05Z","timestamp":1760207285000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/14\/2\/179"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,12]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph14020179"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph14020179","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,12]]}}}