{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T10:35:42Z","timestamp":1791974142350,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,26]],"date-time":"2017-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1495756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Government of Ireland Postgraduate Scholarship Scheme 2016 in conjunction with the Environmental Protection Agency of Ireland","award":["ID: GOIPG\/2016\/703."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID: GOIPG\/2016\/703."]}]},{"name":"Institute of Technology Carlow, Ireland","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The South East of Ireland (County Carlow) contains a deposit of the valuable lithium-bearing mineral spodumene (LiAl(SiO3)2). This resource has recently attracted interest and abstractive mining in the area is a possibility for the future. The open cast mining of this resource could represent a potential hazard in the form of metalliferous pollution to local water. The population of County Carlow is just under 60,000. The local authority reports that approximately 75.7% of the population\u2019s publicly supplied drinking water is abstracted from surface water and 11.6% from groundwater. In total, 12.7% of the population abstract their water from private groundwater wells. Any potential entry of extraneous metals into the area\u2019s natural waters will have implications for people in county Carlow. It is the goal of this paper to establish background concentrations of lithium and other metals in the natural waters prior to any mining activity. Our sampling protocol totaled 115 sites along five sampling transects, sampled through 2015. From this dataset, we report a background concentration of dissolved lithium in the natural waters of County Carlow, surface water at x \u00af = 0.02, SD = 0.02 ranging from 0 to 0.091 mg\/L and groundwater at x \u00af = 0.023, SD = 0.02 mg\/L ranging from 0 to 0.097 mg\/L.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14060561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,30]],"date-time":"2017-05-30T04:35:42Z","timestamp":1496118942000},"page":"561","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Lithium in the Natural Waters of the South East of Ireland"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9460-2277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurence","family":"Kavanagh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EnviroCORE, Department of Science and Health, IT Carlow, Kilkenny road, Co., Carlow R93V960, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerome","family":"Keohane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EnviroCORE, Department of Science and Health, IT Carlow, Kilkenny road, Co., Carlow R93V960, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Cleary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EnviroCORE, Department of Science and Health, IT Carlow, Kilkenny road, Co., Carlow R93V960, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7721-4080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guiomar","family":"Garcia Cabellos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EnviroCORE, Department of Science and Health, IT Carlow, Kilkenny road, Co., Carlow R93V960, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9989-7652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Lloyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EnviroCORE, Department of Science and Health, IT Carlow, Kilkenny road, Co., Carlow R93V960, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/0011-7471(64)90002-6","article-title":"The lithium content of sea water","volume":"11","author":"Riley","year":"1964","journal-title":"Deep Sea Res. 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