{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T21:42:40Z","timestamp":1791582160894,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,23]],"date-time":"2017-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000192","name":"NOAA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA14NES432003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA14NES432003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000192","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection endemic to the southwestern United States, particularly Arizona and California. Its incidence has increased, potentially due in part to the effects of changing climatic variables on fungal growth and spore dissemination. This study aims to quantify the county-level vulnerability to coccidioidomycosis in Arizona and California and to assess the relationships between population vulnerability and climate variability. The variables representing exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity were combined to calculate county level vulnerability indices. Three methods were used: (1) principal components analysis; (2) quartile weighting; and (3) percentile weighting. Two sets of indices, \u201cunsupervised\u201d and \u201csupervised\u201d, were created. Each index was correlated with coccidioidomycosis incidence data from 2000\u20132014. The supervised percentile index had the highest correlation; it was then correlated with variability measures for temperature, precipitation, and drought. The supervised percentile index was significantly correlated (p &lt; 0.05) with coccidioidomycosis incidence in both states. Moderate, positive significant associations (p &lt; 0.05) were found between index scores and climate variability when both states were concurrently analyzed and when California was analyzed separately. This research adds to the body of knowledge that could be used to target interventions to vulnerable counties and provides support for the hypothesis that population vulnerability to coccidioidomycosis is associated with climate variability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14070680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,23]],"date-time":"2017-06-23T08:16:18Z","timestamp":1498205778000},"page":"680","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Assessment of Vulnerability to Coccidioidomycosis in Arizona and California"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Shriber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Conlon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Climate and Health Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaitlin","family":"Benedict","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, GA 30333, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orion","family":"McCotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, GA 30333, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"},{"name":"Climate and Health Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA"},{"name":"North Carolina Institute for Climate Studies, North Carolina State University, Asheville, NC 28801, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7786","article-title":"Climate factors influencing coccidioidomycosis seasonality and outbreaks","volume":"113","author":"Comrie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garfin, G., Jardine, A., Merideth, R., Black, M., and LeRoy, S. (2013). Assessment of Climate Change in the Southwest United States: A Report Prepared for the National Climate Assessment, Island Press.","DOI":"10.5822\/978-1-61091-484-0"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1086\/430092","article-title":"An epidemic of coccidioidomycosis in Arizona associated with climatic changes, 1998\u20132001","volume":"191","author":"Park","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tamerius, J.D., and Comrie, A.C. (2011). Coccidioidomycosis incidence in arizona predicted by seasonal precipitation. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021009"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1562900","article-title":"Coccidioidomycosis: Recent updates","volume":"36","author":"Twarog","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2013). Increase in reported coccidioidomycosis--United States, 1998\u20132011. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep., 62, 217\u2013221."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-3730-3_6","article-title":"Epidemiology of coccidioidomycosis","volume":"2","author":"Pappagianis","year":"1988","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000952","article-title":"Epidemiology of pediatric coccidioidomycosis in California, 2000\u20132012","volume":"35","author":"Sondermeyer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guevara, R.E., Motala, T., and Terashita, D. (2015). The changing epidemiology of coccidioidomycosis in Los Angeles (LA) County, California, 1973\u20132011. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136753"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.06.011","article-title":"Valley fever: Danger lurking in a dust cloud","volume":"16","author":"Johnson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microb. Infect."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007619813435","article-title":"Environmental variability and coccidioidomycosis (valley fever)","volume":"17","author":"Kolivras","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aerobiologia"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2010.02.013","article-title":"A risk factor study of coccidioidomycosis by controlling differential misclassifications of exposure and susceptibility using a landscape ecology approach","volume":"408","author":"Tabor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-010-0094-3","article-title":"What\u2019s behind the increasing rates of coccidioidomycosis in Arizona and California?","volume":"12","author":"Ampel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Infect. Dis. Rep."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1086\/593192","article-title":"Coccidioidomycosis in elderly persons","volume":"47","author":"Blair","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2017, April 06). Children\u2019s Environmental Health: Environmental Risks. Available online: http:\/\/www.who.int\/ceh\/risks\/en\/."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1406.004","article-title":"Expanding understanding of epidemiology of coccidioidomycosis in the Western Hemisphere","volume":"1111","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00005-13","article-title":"Recent advances in our understanding of the environmental, epidemiological, immunological, and clinical dimensions of coccidioidomycosis","volume":"26","author":"Nguyen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-002-0155-x","article-title":"Modeling valley fever (coccidioidomycosis) incidence on the basis of climate conditions","volume":"47","author":"Kolivras","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Biometeorol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1086\/315400","article-title":"Risk factors for acute symptomatic coccidioidomycosis among elderly persons in Arizona, 1996\u20131997","volume":"181","author":"Leake","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1086\/319203","article-title":"Risk factors for severe pulmonary and disseminated coccidioidomycosis: Kern County, California, 1995\u20131996","volume":"32","author":"Rosenstein","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0505.990508","article-title":"Influence of host genetics on the severity of coccidioidomycosis","volume":"5","author":"Louie","year":"1999","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1111\/1540-6237.8402002","article-title":"Social vulnerability to environmental hazards","volume":"84","author":"Cutter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Q."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fisher, F.S., Bultman, M.W., and Pappagianis, D. (2000). Operational Guidelines (Version 1.0) for Geological Fieldwork in Areas Endemic for Coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever), U.S. Geological Survey.","DOI":"10.3133\/ofr00348"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"35","article-title":"Prevalence of sensitivity to coccidioidin, with special reference to specific and nonspecific reactions to coccidioidin and to histoplasmin","volume":"31","author":"Edwards","year":"1957","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"450","article-title":"Notes from the field: Coccidioides immitis identified in soil outside of its known range\u2014Washington, 2013","volume":"63","author":"Hill","year":"2014","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1406.028","article-title":"Fluctuations in climate and incidence of coccidioidomycosis in Kern County, California: A review","volume":"1111","author":"Talamantes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Reed, R. (1960). Ecology and epizootiology of coccidioidomycosis. Reprint of Reports of Papers Delivered at The 1959\u20131960 Conventions, The Intermountain Veterinary Medical Association."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"109","article-title":"Increase in coccidioidomycosis\u2014Arizona, 1998\u20132001","volume":"52","author":"Komatsu","year":"2003","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-005-0007-6","article-title":"Climate controls on valley fever incidence in Kern County, California","volume":"50","author":"Zender","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Biometeorol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197908163010705","article-title":"An unusual outbreak of windborne coccidioidomycosis","volume":"301","author":"Flynn","year":"1979","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Parker, G. (2015). An Exploratory Analysis of Associations between Drought and Coccidioidomycosis Incidence in Arizona and California. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University]."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1406.024","article-title":"Assessment of climate-coccidioidomycosis model: Model sensitivity for assessing climatologic effects on the risk of acquiring coccidioidomycosis","volume":"1111","author":"Comrie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1002\/2016GH000033","article-title":"Relating coccidioidomycosis (valley fever) incidence to soil moisture conditions","volume":"1","author":"Coopersmith","year":"2017","journal-title":"GeoHealth"},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2014). Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Summary for Policymakers, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Working Group II Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balbus, J., Crimmins, A., Gamble, J.L., Easterling, D.R., Kunkel, K.E., Saha, S., and Sarofim, M.C. (2016). Ch. 1: Introduction: Climate change and human health. The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment, U.S. Global Change Research Program.","DOI":"10.7930\/J0VX0DFW"},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Bell, J.E., Herring, S.C., Jantarasami, L., Adrianopoli, C., Benedict, K., Conlon, K., Escobar, V., Hess, J., Luvall, J., and Garcia-Pando, C.P. (2016). Ch. 4: Impacts of Extreme Events on Human Health, U.S. Global Change Research Program."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu681","article-title":"Valley fever: Finding new places for an old disease: Coccidioides immitis found in washington state soil associated with recent human infection","volume":"60","author":"Litvintseva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4304","DOI":"10.1002\/2017GL073524","article-title":"Intensified dust storm activity and valley fever infection in the Southwestern United States","volume":"44","author":"Tong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Parry, M.L., Canziani, O.F., Palutikof, J.P., van der Linden, P.J., and Hanson, C.E. (2007). Summary for policymakers. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilhelmi, O.V., and Hayden, M.H. (2010). Connecting people and place: A new framework for reducing urban vulnerability to extremeheat. Environ. Res. Lett., 5.","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/5\/1\/014021"},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"IPCC (2014). Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on clImate Change, IPCC."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Vincent, K. (2004). Creating an index of social vulnerability to climate change for Africa. Working Paper 56, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11303","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b03127","article-title":"A heat vulnerability index and adaptation solutions for Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","volume":"49","author":"Bradford","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2008.07.013","article-title":"A place-based model for understanding community resilience to natural disasters","volume":"18","author":"Cutter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Glob. Environ. Chang."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0710375105","article-title":"Temporal and spatial changes in social vulnerability to natural hazards","volume":"105","author":"Cutter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dickin, S.K., Schuster-Wallace, C.J., and Elliott, S. (2013). Developing a vulnerability mapping methodology: Applying the water-associated disease index to dengue in Malaysia. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063584"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flanagan, B., Gregory, E., Hallisey, E., Heitgerd, J., and Lewis, B. (2011). A social vulnerability index for disaster management. J. Homel. Secur. Emerg. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.2202\/1547-7355.1792"},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Patt, A.G., Schroter, D., Klein, R.J.T., and de la Vega-Leiner, A.C. (2009). Assessing vulnerability of human health. Assessing Vulnerability to Global Environmental Change, Earthscan."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2008.11.002","article-title":"The livelihood vulnerability index: A pragmatic approach to assessing risks from climate variability and change\u2014A case study in Mozambique","volume":"19","author":"Hahn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Glob. Environ. Chang."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2012.04.006","article-title":"Developing an applied extreme heat vulnerability index utilizing socioeconomic and environmental data","volume":"35","author":"Johnson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2015.04.007","article-title":"Climate change vulnerability assessment in Georgia","volume":"62","author":"KC","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-015-1493-0","article-title":"Vulnerability assessment for loss of access to drinking water due to extreme weather events","volume":"133","author":"Luh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clim. Chang."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8603-8-31","article-title":"Mapping vulnerability to climate change and its repercussions on human health in Pakistan","volume":"8","author":"Malik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Glob. Health"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0900683","article-title":"Mapping community determinants of heat vulnerability","volume":"117","author":"Reid","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stanturf, J.A., Goodrick, S.L., Warren, M.L., Charnley, S., and Stegall, C.M. (2015). Social vulnerability and ebola virus disease in rural Liberia. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137208"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suk, J.E., Ebi, K.L., Vose, D., Wint, W., Alexander, N., Mintiens, K., and Semenza, J.C. (2014). Vulnerabilities to the risks of changes in infectious disease transmission caused by climate change: A modelling study. Lancet, 384.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61874-2"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.12193","article-title":"Local spatial and temporal factors influencing population and societal vulnerability to natural disasters","volume":"34","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Risk Anal."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"United States Census Bureau (2011). Population Estimates."},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"United States Census Bureau (2010). Tiger\/Line Shapefiles."},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) (2014). Arcgis Desktop, Environmental Systems Research Institute."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"345","article-title":"Completion of the 2011 National Land Cover Database for the conterminous United States-Representing a decade of land cover change information","volume":"81","author":"Homer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sensing"},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012). Nchhstp Atlas."},{"key":"ref_63","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute (2015). State Cancer Profiles."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1175\/2009JCLI2909.1","article-title":"A multiscalar drought index sensitive to global warming: The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index","volume":"23","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_65","unstructured":"American Hospital Association (2013). Aha Annual Survey Database, American Hospital Association."},{"key":"ref_66","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2012). Areal Health Resource File."},{"key":"ref_67","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Mycotics Diseases Branch (2015). Coccidioidomycosis Selected Counties\u2014Arizona and California, 2000\u20132014."},{"key":"ref_68","unstructured":"National Oceanic and Atmoshperic Administration (2016, November 15). National Centers for Environmental Information, Available online: https:\/\/www.ncdc.noaa.gov\/."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-015-2549-5","article-title":"Air pollution by pollen grains of anemophilous species: Influence of chemical and meteorological parameters","volume":"226","author":"Sabo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut."},{"key":"ref_70","unstructured":"R Core Team (2013). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing."},{"key":"ref_71","unstructured":"Manangan, A.P., Uejio, C.K., Saha, S., Schramm, P.J., Marinucci, G.D., Brown, C.L., Hess, J.J., and Luber, G. (2014). Assessing Health Vulnerability to Climate Change: A Guide for Health Departments, National Center for Environmental Health."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bao, J., Li, X., and Yu, C. (2015). The construction and validation of the heat vulnerability index, a review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph120707220"},{"key":"ref_73","unstructured":"Mayo Clinic (2017, April 06). Valley Fever Risk Factors. Available online: http:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/valley-fever\/basics\/risk-factors\/con-20027390."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1406.031","article-title":"Coccidioides niches and habitat parameters in the Southwestern United States: A matter of scale","volume":"1111","author":"Fisher","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1406.003","article-title":"Ecological niche modeling of Coccidioides spp. in western North American deserts","volume":"1111","author":"Hinojosa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.3852\/11-127","article-title":"Detection of Coccidioides immitis in Kern County, California, by multiplex PCR","volume":"104","author":"Lauer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mycologia"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/14\/7\/680\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:40:10Z","timestamp":1760208010000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/14\/7\/680"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,23]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph14070680"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph14070680","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,23]]}}}