{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:23:01Z","timestamp":1791235381541,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,10]],"date-time":"2017-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["25305037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25305037"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Malocclusion may affect oral health-related quality of life (OHR-QoL), however, the previously detected associations were affected by confounding factors. We hypothesized that there is indeed an association between OHR-QoL and malocclusion and investigated in a population-based study of 420 Mongolian adolescents mean age: 12.6 (standard deviation (SD) = 1.09) years from two secondary schools, located in an urban and a suburban area. We randomly selected two classes from each school. The Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) was used to assess malocclusion. OHR-QoL was assessed using the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ). Multivariate analysis was used to determine whether malocclusion had an independent effect on OHR-QoL. Overall, the existence of any type of malocclusion was not significantly associated with CPQ results. However, increased overjet was significantly associated with oral symptoms (coefficient: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.14\u20131.19), functional limitations (coefficient: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.17\u20131.08), and social well-being (coefficient: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.06\u20130.93). Deep bite was also significantly associated with oral symptoms (coefficient: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.23\u20130.84) and functional limitations (coefficient: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.19\u20130.72). Although malocclusion per se was not significantly associated with OHR-QoL, specific types of malocclusion, i.e., increased overjet and deep bite, were associated with OHR-QoL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14080902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,10]],"date-time":"2017-08-10T10:34:35Z","timestamp":1502361275000},"page":"902","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Associations between Malocclusion and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among Mongolian Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Miyu","family":"Araki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Function, Division of Maxillofacial\/Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Yasuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Function, Division of Maxillofacial\/Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Function, Division of Maxillofacial\/Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsasan","family":"Tumurkhuu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Function, Division of Maxillofacial\/Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ganjargal","family":"Ganburged","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amarsaikhan","family":"Bazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeo","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiji","family":"Moriyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Function, Division of Maxillofacial\/Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910508400713","article-title":"Validation of the child perceptions questionnaire (cpq11-14)","volume":"84","author":"Thomson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. 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