{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:14:31Z","timestamp":1760242471187,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,7]],"date-time":"2017-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of the study was to examine how social care beneficiaries rate the relative harmfulness of tobacco\/nicotine-containing products compared to traditional cigarettes. This information is crucial for the development of effective tobacco control strategies targeting disadvantaged populations. The cross-sectional study covered 1817 respondents who were taking advantage of social aid services offered by the local social care institutions in the Piotrkowski district, via face-to-face interviews. The linear regression analysis indicated that relative to women, men consider slim cigarettes, smokeless tobacco and e-cigarettes to be more harmful than traditional cigarettes (p &lt; 0.05). The smokers of traditional cigarettes reported menthol cigarettes to be less harmful than traditional cigarettes, relative to the non-smokers (p = 0.05). The current results demonstrate that social care beneficiaries are not aware of the fact that some products are less harmful than others. Education concerning tobacco\/nicotine products should include advice on how to reduce the adverse health effects of smoking (e.g., avoiding inhalation of combusted products), while driving the awareness that no nicotine-containing products are safe.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14091029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,7]],"date-time":"2017-09-07T13:59:10Z","timestamp":1504792750000},"page":"1029","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["How Social Care Beneficiaries in Poland Rate Relative Harmfulness of Various Tobacco and Nicotine-Containing Products"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Marek","family":"Milcarz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kinga","family":"Pola\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leokadia","family":"Bak-Romaniszyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition in Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dorota","family":"Kaleta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2017, July 26). 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