{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T20:39:02Z","timestamp":1784147942185,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,15]],"date-time":"2017-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Predictive factors including risk perception for mid-term mental health after a nuclear disaster remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between perceived radiation risk and other factors at baseline and mid-term mental health after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster of 2011 in Japan. A mail-based questionnaire survey was conducted in January 2012 and January 2013. Mental health status was assessed using the K6 scale. Psychological distress over the 2-year period was categorized into the following four groups: chronic, recovered, resistant, or worsened. Most participants (80.3%) were resistant to the disaster. A positive association was found between the radiation risk perception regarding immediate effects and the worsened group in women. Baseline post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or a history of psychiatric disease predicted being in the chronic or worsened group in mid-term course. These results suggest that evacuees who believed that their health was substantially affected by the nuclear disaster were at an increased risk of having poor mid-term mental health in women. Careful assessment of risk perception after a nuclear disaster, including the presence of PTSD or a history of psychiatric disease, is needed for appropriate interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14091067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,15]],"date-time":"2017-09-15T10:22:10Z","timestamp":1505470930000},"page":"1067","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Perception of Radiation Risk as a Predictor of Mid-Term Mental Health after a Nuclear Disaster: The Fukushima Health Management Survey"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Itaru","family":"Miura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Nagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaharu","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Disaster Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7755-1888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mayumi","family":"Harigane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Senta","family":"Fujii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Disaster Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4550-036X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Misari","family":"Oe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2668-129X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hirooki","family":"Yabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3551-6512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuriko","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideto","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Ohira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4715-2840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seiji","family":"Yasumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masafumi","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Symptomatology and psychopathology of mental health problems after disaster","volume":"67","author":"Foa","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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