{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T06:36:59Z","timestamp":1775975819499,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,4]],"date-time":"2017-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A high proportion of refugees have been subjected to potentially traumatic experiences (PTEs), including torture. PTEs, and torture in particular, are powerful predictors of mental ill health. This paper reports the development and preliminary validation of a brief refugee trauma checklist applicable for survey studies. Methods: A pool of 232 items was generated based on pre-existing instruments. Conceptualization, item selection and item refinement was conducted based on existing literature and in collaboration with experts. Ten cognitive interviews using a Think Aloud Protocol (TAP) were performed in a clinical setting, and field testing of the proposed checklist was performed in a total sample of n = 137 asylum seekers from Syria. Results: The proposed refugee trauma history checklist (RTHC) consists of 2 \u00d7 8 items, concerning PTEs that occurred before and during the respondents\u2019 flight, respectively. Results show low item non-response and adequate psychometric properties Conclusion: RTHC is a usable tool for providing self-report data on refugee trauma history surveys of community samples. The core set of included events can be augmented and slight modifications can be applied to RTHC for use also in other refugee populations and settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14101175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,4]],"date-time":"2017-10-04T13:53:55Z","timestamp":1507125235000},"page":"1175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Development and Preliminary Validation of Refugee Trauma History Checklist (RTHC)\u2014A Brief Checklist for Survey Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0970-0436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika","family":"Sigvardsdotter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, The Swedish Red Cross University College, 14121 Huddinge, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4842-1683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrik","family":"Nilsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, The Swedish Red Cross University College, 14121 Huddinge, Sweden"},{"name":"Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Swedish Red Cross Center for Persons Affected by War and Torture, 20121 Malm\u00f6, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9836-5336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Malm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, The Swedish Red Cross University College, 14121 Huddinge, Sweden"},{"name":"Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Swedish Red Cross Center for Persons Affected by War and Torture, 20121 Malm\u00f6, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6138-6427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petter","family":"Tingh\u00f6g","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, The Swedish Red Cross University College, 14121 Huddinge, Sweden"},{"name":"Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Gottvall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, The Swedish Red Cross University College, 14121 Huddinge, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marjan","family":"Vaez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5376-5048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fredrik","family":"Saboonchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, The Swedish Red Cross University College, 14121 Huddinge, Sweden"},{"name":"Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"41","article-title":"Prevalence of Torture and Other War-Related Traumatic Events in Forced Migrants: A Systematic Review","volume":"26","author":"Sigvardsdotter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Torture"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)61027-6","article-title":"Prevalence of Serious Mental Disorder in 7000 Refugees Resettled in Western Countries: A Systematic Review","volume":"365","author":"Fazel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1132","article-title":"Association of Torture and Other Potentially Traumatic Events with Mental Health Outcomes among Populations Exposed to Mass Conflict and Displacement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"302","author":"Steel","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-014-0877-1","article-title":"Somatization in Refugees: A Review","volume":"49","author":"Rohlof","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soc. 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