{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:44:53Z","timestamp":1787028293145,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]],"date-time":"2017-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD078187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD078187"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"United States National Institutes of Health with support from the University of Miami","award":["CFAR:P30AI073961"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CFAR:P30AI073961"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Male partner involvement (MPI) can contribute to the success of programs aimed at preventing mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. However, the definition and measures of MPI differ according to context. This study utilized secondary cross-sectional data to investigate the prevalence and determinants of MPI among 463 male partners of HIV-infected pregnant women in rural South Africa. Results indicated that 44.1% of male partners reported involvement in most or all specified male partner involvement activities (i.e., scores of 7 to 9). Descriptive, correlation and multiple linear-regression analyses were conducted. Positive predictors of MPI included relationship status, own HIV status, awareness of female partner\u2019s positive HIV status, female partner\u2019s desire to have more children, having family planning discussions with provider, condom use to prevent HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and partner reasoning skills. Negative predictors included partner verbal aggression. Overall, although MPI is low, the study underlines important information that could be used to develop interventions aimed at improving maternal and infant health in PMTCT programs in South Africa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14111333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]],"date-time":"2017-11-01T16:01:19Z","timestamp":1509552079000},"page":"1333","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Factors Associated with Male Partner Involvement in Programs for the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in Rural South Africa"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Motlagabo G.","family":"Matseke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria 0001, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A. C.","family":"Ruiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8543-2061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Violeta J.","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5980-0876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karl","family":"Peltzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria 0001, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Setswe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibusiso","family":"Sifunda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria 0001, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2012). Male Involvement in the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV, WHO."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS) (2011). Countdown to Zero: Global Plan towards the Elimination of New HIV Infections among Children by 2015 and Keeping Their Mothers Alive 2011\u20132015, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"South African National AIDS Council (SANAC) (2011). National Strategic Plan on HIV, STIs and TB: 2012\u20132016, South African National AIDS Council."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jana.2013.05.002","article-title":"Barriers and Resources to PMTCT of HIV: Luba-Kasai Men\u2019s Perspective in Lusaka, Zambia","volume":"24","author":"Auvinen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Nur. AIDS Care"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181aafd8a","article-title":"Men, HIV\/AIDS, and human rights","volume":"51","author":"Peacock","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.06.001","article-title":"Couples, PMTCT programs and infant feeding decision-making in Ivory Coast","volume":"69","author":"Leroy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120903431330","article-title":"Assessing male spousal engagement with prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programs in western Kenya","volume":"22","author":"Reece","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Orne-Gliemann, J., Tchendjou, P., Miric, M., Gadgil, M., Butsashvili, M., Eboko, F., Perez-Then, E., Darak, S., Kulkarni, S., and Kamkamidze, G. (2010). Couple-oriented prenatal HIV counseling for HIV primary prevention: An acceptability study. BMC Public Health, 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-197"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-2652-14-21","article-title":"\u201cIt is her responsibility\u201d: Partner involvement in prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV programmes, Northern Tanzania","volume":"14","author":"Falnes","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Int. AIDS Soc."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.10.026","article-title":"Men\u2019s involvement in the South African family: Engendering change in the AIDS era","volume":"62","author":"Montgomery","year":"2006","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-8080(09)33440-0","article-title":"The prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission programme in lilongwe, Malawi: Why do so many women drop out","volume":"17","author":"Chinkonde","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reprod. Health Matters"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-7-12","article-title":"Determinants of Male Involvement in the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Programme in Eastern Uganda: A Cross-sectional Survey","volume":"7","author":"Byamugisha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reprod. Health"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhatta, D.N. (2013). Involvement of males in antenatal care, birth preparedness, exclusive breastfeeding and immunizations for children in Kathmandu, Nepal. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-13-14"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181fdb4c4","article-title":"Male antenatal attendance and HIV testing are associated with decreased infant HIV infection and increased HIV-free survival","volume":"56","author":"Alusio","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31821d33d6","article-title":"Male involvement in women and children\u2019s HIV prevention: Challenges in definition and interpretation","volume":"57","author":"Montgomery","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tilahun, M., and Mohamed, S. (2015). Male Partners\u2019 Involvement in the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV and Associated Factors in Arba Minch Town and Arba Minch Zuria Woreda, Southern Ethiopia. BioMed Res. Int., 2015.","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/763876"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ampt, F., Mon, M.M., Than, K.K., Khin, M.M., Agius, P.A., Morgan, C., Davis, J., and Luchters, S. (2015). Correlates of male involvement in maternal and newborn health: A cross-sectional study of men in a peri-urban region of Myanmar. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-015-0561-9"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-9-32","article-title":"Determinants of male involvement in maternal and child health services in sub-Saharan Africa: A review","volume":"9","author":"Ditekemena","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reprod. Health"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1080\/17290376.2015.1123643","article-title":"Male partners\u2019 involvement in prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Munguambe","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Soc. Aspects HIV\/AIDS Res. Alliance"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katz, D.A., Kiarie, J.N., John-Stewart, G.C., Richardson, B., Francis, N., and Farquhar, C. (2009). Male perspectives on incorporating men into antenatal HIV counseling and testing. PLoS ONE, 4.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007602"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tweheyo, R., Konde-Lule, J., Tumwesigye, N.M., and Sekadi, J.N. (2010). Male partner attendance of skilled antenatal care in peri-urban Gulu district, Nothern Uganda. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-10-53"},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Glanz, K., Rimer, B.K., and Viswanath, K. (2015). Social support and health behavior. Health Behavior: Theory, Research, and Practice, Jossey Bass. [5th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amano, A., and Musa, A. (2016). Male involvement in PMTCT and associated factors among men whom their wives had ANC visit 12 months prior to the study in Gondar town, North west Ethiopia, December, 2014. Pan Afr. Med. J., 24.","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2016.24.239.8460"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.11648\/j.ajhr.20140206.13","article-title":"Male involvement in prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV and associated factors among males in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","volume":"2","author":"Abuhay","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Health Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-15-417","article-title":"Implementing comprehensive prevention of mother-to-child transmission and HIV prevention for South African couples: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"Jones","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.14.2.172.23902","article-title":"Development and psychometric evaluation of the brief HIV knowledge questionnaire (HIV-KQ-18)","volume":"14","author":"Carey","year":"2002","journal-title":"AIDS Educ. Prev."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-009-9662-7","article-title":"Factors determining prenatal HIV testing for prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV in Mpumalanga, South Africa","volume":"14","author":"Peltzer","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS Behav."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-012-0379-7","article-title":"Psychosocial Variables Associated with Coping of HIV-Positive Women Diagnosed During Pregnancy","volume":"17","author":"Kotze","year":"2013","journal-title":"AIDS Behav."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.2307\/351733","article-title":"Measuring Intrafamily Conflict and Violence","volume":"41","author":"Straus","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Marriage Fam."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-005-3895-x","article-title":"Development of a Brief Scale to Measure AIDS-Related Stigma in South Africa","volume":"9","author":"Kalichman","year":"2005","journal-title":"AIDS Behav."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Mahwah, N.J. (2003). Applied Multiple Regression\/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, Lawrence Erlbaum. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van den Bergh, W., Brittain, K., Mercer, G., Peacock, D., Stinson, K., Janson, H., and Dubula, V. (2015). Improving men\u2019s participation in preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV as a maternal, neonatal, and child health priority in South Africa. PLoS Med., 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001836"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-10-46","article-title":"Male involvement in sexual and reproductive health in the Mendi district, Southern Highlands province of Papua New Guinea: A descriptive study","volume":"10","author":"Kura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reprod. Health"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"215","article-title":"Meaning and understanding of male partner involvement in pregnancy-related care in a South African male perception","volume":"11","author":"Matseke","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Soc. Behav. Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-11-68","article-title":"The involvement of men in maternal health care: Cross-sectional, pilot case studies from Maligita and Kibibi, Uganda","volume":"11","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reprod. Health"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"39","article-title":"Men as partners in maternal health: Implications for reproductive health counseling in Rivers State, Nigeria","volume":"1","author":"Kinanee","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Psychol. Counsel."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Ajzen, I. (1988). Attitudes, Personality and Behavior, Dorsey Press."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1080\/17441690902942464","article-title":"Questioning gender norms with men to improve health outcomes: Evidence of impact","volume":"5","author":"Barker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Global Public Health"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.3149\/jmh.0303.173","article-title":"The Men as Partners Program in South Africa: Reaching men to end gender-based violence and promote sexual and reproductive health","volume":"3","author":"Peacock","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Men\u2019s Health"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2011.571340","article-title":"Using local culture and gender roles to improve male involvement in maternal health in southern Nigeria","volume":"16","author":"Adeleye","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Health Commun."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"4","article-title":"Historical Origins of the Health Belief Model","volume":"2","author":"Rosenstock","year":"1974","journal-title":"Health Educ. Monogr."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"51","article-title":"Determinants of nondisclosure of HIV status among women attending the prevention of mother to child transmission programme, Makonde district, Zimbabwe, 2009","volume":"8","author":"Mucheto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pan Afr. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"233","article-title":"Attitudes and Attitudes Change","volume":"Volume 2","author":"Landzey","year":"1985","journal-title":"Handbook of Social Psychology"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.85.5.363","article-title":"Toward a model of text comprehension and production","volume":"85","author":"Kintch","year":"1978","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3102\/00346543059001043","article-title":"Models for understanding","volume":"59","author":"Mayer","year":"1989","journal-title":"Rev. Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1080\/14330237.2016.1185912","article-title":"Intimate partner violence among HIV positive pregnant women in South Africa","volume":"26","author":"Matseke","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Psychol. Afr."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/14\/11\/1333\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:49:10Z","timestamp":1760208550000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/14\/11\/1333"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph14111333"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph14111333","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]]}}}