{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:17:53Z","timestamp":1790813873752,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,2]],"date-time":"2018-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Estonian Environmental Investment Centre","award":["Study of the health impact of oil shale sector\u2014SOHOS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Study of the health impact of oil shale sector\u2014SOHOS"]}]},{"name":"Estonian Ministry of Education and Research","award":["IUT34-17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IUT34-17"]}]},{"name":"NORFACE Programme","award":["HEALTHDOX"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HEALTHDOX"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Eastern Estonia has large oil shale mines and industrial facilities mainly focused on electricity generation from oil shale and shale oil extraction, which produce high air pollution emissions. The \u201cStudy of the health impact of the oil shale sector\u2014SOHOS\u201d was aimed at identifying the impacts on residents\u2019 health and annoyance due to the industrial processing. First, a population-wide survey about health effects and annoyance was carried out. Second, the total and oil shale sectors\u2019 emitted concentrations of benzene, phenol, and PM2.5 were modelled. Third, the differences between groups were tested and relationships between health effects and environmental pollution studied using multiple regression analysis. Compared to the control groups from non-industrial areas in Tartu or L\u00e4\u00e4ne-Viru, residents of Ida-Viru more frequently (p &lt; 0.05) reported wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, asthma attacks, a long-term cough, hypertension, heart diseases, myocardial infarction, stroke, and diabetes. All health effects except asthma were reported more frequently among non-Estonians. People living in regions with higher levels of PM2.5, had significantly higher odds (p &lt; 0.05) of experiencing chest tightness (OR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.02\u20131.26), shortness of breath (1.16, 1.03\u20131.31) or an asthma attack (1.22, 1.04\u20131.42) during the previous year. People living in regions with higher levels of benzene had higher odds of experiencing myocardial infarction (1.98, 1.11\u20133.53) and with higher levels of phenol chest tightness (1.44, 1.03\u20132.00), long-term cough (1.48, 1.06\u20132.07) and myocardial infarction (2.17, 1.23\u20133.83). The prevalence of adverse health effects was also higher among those who had been working in the oil shale sector. Next to direct health effects, up to a quarter of the residents of Ida-Viru County were highly annoyed about air pollution. Perceived health risk from air pollution increased the odds of being annoyed. Annoyed people in Ida-Viru had significantly higher odds of experiencing respiratory symptoms during the last 12 months, e.g., wheezing (2.30, 1.31\u20134.04), chest tightness (2.88, 1.91\u20134.33 or attack of coughing (1.99, 1.34\u20132.95).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15020252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,2]],"date-time":"2018-02-02T12:00:10Z","timestamp":1517572810000},"page":"252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Residents\u2019 Self-Reported Health Effects and Annoyance in Relation to Air Pollution Exposure in an Industrial Area in Eastern-Estonia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7965-9451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans","family":"Orru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University, SE-901 87 Umea, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Idavain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia"},{"name":"National Institute for Health Development, Hiiu 14, 11619 Tallinn, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihkel","family":"Pindus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kati","family":"Orru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social Sciences, University of Tartu, Lossi 36, 51003 Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaisa","family":"Kesanurm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Estonian Environmental Research Centre, Marja 4d, 10614 Tallinn, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aavo","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jelena","family":"Tomasova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Estonian Health Board, Paldiski 81, 10617 Tallinn, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Gavrilova, O., Randla, T., Vallner, L., Strandberg, M., and Vilu, R. 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