{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:44:54Z","timestamp":1787028294350,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,14]],"date-time":"2018-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Taiwan Ministry of Health and Welfare","award":["MOHW107-TDU-B-212-123004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOHW107-TDU-B-212-123004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We assessed the subsequent risk of cholelithiasis development in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) such as Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). We identified 8186 patients who aged \u226520 years and were diagnosed with IBD between 2000 and 2010 as the study cohort. A total of 8186 patients without IBD were selected by frequency-matching according to age, sex, comorbidities, and the index date of diagnosis, and they were identified as the control cohort. To measure the incidence of cholelithiasis, all patients were followed up until the end of 2011. The risk of developing cholelithiasis, either gallbladder stone disease (GSD; adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.34\u20132.61) or common bile duct (CBD) stones and intrahepatic stones (IHSs; aHR = 2.78, 95% CI = 1.18\u20136.51), was higher for the CD cohort than for the non-IBD cohort after adjusting for age, sex, and comorbidities of hyperlipidemia, diabetes, liver cirrhosis, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke, coronary artery disease, and hepatitis C virus infection. However, UC was related to the development of GSD (aHR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.19\u20131.75) but not to CBD stones and IHSs (aHR = 1.70, 95% CI = 0.99\u20132.91). Our population-based cohort study demonstrated that CD is related to the development of cholelithiasis, including GSD alone and non-GSD-associated cholelithiasis. However, UC is only related to the development of GSD alone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15030513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,15]],"date-time":"2018-03-15T05:06:43Z","timestamp":1521090403000},"page":"513","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Association between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Cholelithiasis: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Chien-Hua","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Disease Center, Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, Hungkuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan"},{"name":"Chung Chou University of Science and Technology, Yuanlin Township, Changhua County 510, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Li","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6368-3676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia-Hung","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 2, Yuh-Der Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.05.004","article-title":"Gallstone disease: Epidemiology of gallbladder stone disease","volume":"20","author":"Shaffer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Best Pract. 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