{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T16:17:56Z","timestamp":1768407476541,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,30]],"date-time":"2018-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41705122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41705122"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41505095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41505095"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81673248"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81673248"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in China","award":["lzujbky-2016-26"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["lzujbky-2016-26"]}]},{"name":"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in China","award":["lzujbky-2017-k04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["lzujbky-2017-k04"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Air pollution exposure may play an adverse role in diabetes. However, little data are available directly evaluating the effects of air pollution exposure in blood lipids of which dysfunction has been linked to diabetes or its complications. We aimed to evaluate the association between air pollution and lipids level among type 2 diabetic patients in Northwest China. We performed a population-based study of 3912 type 2 diabetes patients in an ongoing cohort study in China. Both spline and multiple linear regressions analysis were used to examine the association between short-term exposure to PM10, SO2, NO2 and total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). By spline analyses, we observed that the relationship between SO2 and HDL-C and LDL-C was shown to be non-linear (p_non-lin-association = 0.0162 and 0.000). An inverted U-shaped non-linear relationship between NO2 and LDL-C was found (p_non-lin-association &lt; 0.0001). A J-shaped non-linear relationship between PM10 and TC, HDL-C (p_non-lin-association = 0.0173, 0.0367) was also revealed. In linear regression analyses, a 10 \u03bcg\/m3 increment in SO2 was associated with 1.31% (95% CI: 0.40\u20132.12%), 3.52% (95% CI: 1.07\u20136.03%) and 7.53% (95% CI: 5.98\u20139.09%) increase in TC, TG and LDL-C, respectively. A 10 \u03bcg\/m3 increment in PM10 was associated with 0.45% (95% CI: 0.08\u20130.82%), 0.29% (95% CI: 0.10\u20130.49%) and 0.83% (95% CI: 0.21\u20131.45%) increase in TC, HDL-C and LDL-C, respectively. For NO2, an increment of 10 \u03bcg\/m3 was statistically associated with \u22123.55% (95% CI: \u22126.40\u20130.61%) and 39.01% (95% CI: 31.43\u201347.03%) increase in HDL-C and LDL-C. The adverse effects of air pollutants on lipid levels were greater in female and elder people. Further, we found SO2 and NO2 played a more evident role in lipid levels in warm season, while PM10 appeared stronger in cold season. The findings suggest that exposure to air pollution has adverse effects on lipid levels among type 2 diabetes patients, and vulnerable people may pay more attention on severe air pollution days.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15040631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,30]],"date-time":"2018-03-30T12:43:48Z","timestamp":1522413828000},"page":"631","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Association between Short-Term Exposure to Air Pollution and Dyslipidemias among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Northwest China: A Population-Based Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5839-3949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minzhen","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yonghong","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jinchang Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Jinchang 737100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Basic Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaobin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongbo","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yana","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2755","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.893461","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of ambient particulate air pollution exposure","volume":"121","author":"Sun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2011.02034.x","article-title":"Outdoor air pollution and respiratory health in asia","volume":"16","author":"Chung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3734","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.003130","article-title":"Ambient air pollution and stroke","volume":"45","author":"Ljungman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.02.036","article-title":"Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter and incidence of diabetes in the danish nurse cohort","volume":"91","author":"Hansen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. 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