{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T07:37:33Z","timestamp":1773301053677,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,3]],"date-time":"2018-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006109","name":"Vedeck\u00e1 Grantov\u00e1 Agent\u00fara M\u0160VVa\u0160 SR a SAV","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1\/0084\/18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1\/0084\/18"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006109","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatitis E infection is one of the most frequent causes of acute hepatitis in the world. Currently five human genotypes with different geographical distributions and distinct epidemiologic patterns are identified. In Slovakia, only rare cases of hepatitis E have been reported in past years. Because the most important risk factors associated with HEV infection include consumption of contaminated pork meat and poor hygienic standards, the aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of anti-HEV total antibodies and the main risk factors for HEV in the population living in separated and segregated Roma settlements (n = 195), which represent places with increased risk of infection in Slovakia and to compare it with the prevalence in the general population (n = 69). Of 264 respondents included in the study, 47 (17.8%) showed positivity for anti-HEV antibodies, 42 of whom were Roma (21.5%, n = 195) and 5 (7.2%, n = 69) non-Roma. The population living in Roma settlements lives in poorer conditions and are at higher risk of HEV in comparison to the general population. However, differences in living conditions within the settlements do not contributed to lower risk of HEV antibody prevalence between Roma living in settlements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15050904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,4]],"date-time":"2018-05-04T03:08:21Z","timestamp":1525403301000},"page":"904","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Virus in Roma Settlements: A Comparison with the General Population in Slovakia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9011-2238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Hal\u00e1nov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef \u0160af\u00e1rik University in Ko\u0161ice, 04180 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduard","family":"Veseliny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 04011 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zuzana","family":"Kalinov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef \u0160af\u00e1rik University in Ko\u0161ice, 04180 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Jar\u010du\u0161ka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 04011 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3329-3968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Jani\u010dko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 04011 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Urban\u010d\u00edkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef \u0160af\u00e1rik University in Ko\u0161ice, 04011 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Pella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 04011 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sylvia","family":"Dra\u017eilov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Poprad, 05801 Poprad, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Babinsk\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef \u0160af\u00e1rik University in Ko\u0161ice, 04180 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"HepaMeta Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.384","article-title":"Hepatitis E virus","volume":"3","author":"Emerson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Fauquet, C.M., Mayo, M.A., Maniloff, J., Desselberger, U., and Ball, L.A. (2004). Hepevirus. Virus Taxonomy: VIIIth Report of the ICTV, Elsevier, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2645","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000940","article-title":"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Hepeviridae","volume":"98","author":"Purdy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.068429-0","article-title":"Consensus proposals for classification of the family Hepeviridae","volume":"95","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2009.05933.x","article-title":"Epidemiology of hepatitis E: Current status","volume":"9","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.10.048","article-title":"Chronic infection with camelid hepatitis E virus in a liver transplant recipient who regularlz consumes camel meat and milk","volume":"150","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenerology"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12405","article-title":"Hepatitis E virus and related viruses in wild, domestic and zoo animals: A review","volume":"65","author":"Spahr","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12533","article-title":"Hepatitis E virus: A cross-sectional serological and virological study in pigs and humans at zoonotic risk within a high-density pig farming area","volume":"64","author":"Caruso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2014.06.024","article-title":"Hepeviridae: An expanding family of vertebrate viruses","volume":"27","author":"Johne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(01)00448-1","article-title":"Seroprevalence and mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis E virus among pregnant women in United Arab Emirates","volume":"100","author":"Kumar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2893.2003.00458.x","article-title":"A serological study of intrafamiliar spread from patients with sporadic hepatitis E virus infection","volume":"10","author":"Somani","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Viral Hepat."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20550","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2013.18.31.20550","article-title":"Silent hepatitis E virus infection in dutch blood donors, 2011 to 2012","volume":"18","author":"Slot","year":"2013","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2014.01.002","article-title":"Hepatitis E: An emerging disease","volume":"22","author":"Suay","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25505","article-title":"The global burden of hepatitis E virus genotypes 1 and 2 in 2005","volume":"55","author":"Rein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"404","article-title":"Hepatitis E. Current perspectives","volume":"139","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. Clin."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.1759","article-title":"Hepatitis E: Current status","volume":"23","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lhomme, S., Marion, O., Abravanel, F., Chapuy-Regaud, S., Kamar, N., and Izopet, J. (2016). Hepatitis E pathogenesis. Viruses, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/v8080212"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1929","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.1929","article-title":"Hepatitis E and pregnancy","volume":"27","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2017). Hepatitis E in the EU\/EEA, 2005\u20132015, ECDC."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2016.06.010","article-title":"Hepatitis E virus: Assessment of the epidemiological situation in humans in Europe, 2014\/15","volume":"82","author":"Adlhoch","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic (PHA SR) (2017, June 12). Annual Report of Regional Public Health Authorities in Slovakia for the Year 2016. (In Slovak)."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.21101\/cejph.a3903","article-title":"Socioeconomic characteristics of the population living in Roma settlements and association with health and health-related behaviour","volume":"22","author":"Pella","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cent. Eur. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06536","article-title":"Global trends in emerging infectious diseases","volume":"451","author":"Jones","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Szeghy, P., and Popper, M. (2009). Analysis of the Situation in Slovakia. Health and the Roma Community, Analysis of the Situation in Europe. Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Greece, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Fundaci\u00f3n Secretariado Gitano."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Mu\u0161inka, A., \u0160kobla, D., Hurrle, J., Matlovi\u010dov\u00e1, K., and Kling, J. (2014). An Atlas of Roma Communities in Slovakia 2013 (Atlas R\u00f3mskych Komun\u00edt na Slovensku 2013), UNDP. (In Slovak)."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-014-0399-8","article-title":"Hepatitis E virus: Current concepts and future perspectives","volume":"16","author":"Dalton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Infect. Dis. Rep."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1515\/fv-2017-0029","article-title":"The incidence of hepatitis E virus in domestic pigs","volume":"61","author":"Jackova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Folia Vet."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"199","article-title":"Anti\/HEV seroprevalence in the area of Lecce","volume":"15","author":"Chironna","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. Ig."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2011.01583.x","article-title":"Occurrence of hepatitis E virus RNA in plasma donations from Sweden, Germany and the United States","volume":"103","author":"Baylis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vox Sang."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.22270","article-title":"Prevalence of specific antibody to hepatitis E virus in the general population of the community of Madrid, Spain","volume":"84","author":"Fogeda","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.5604\/17322693.1143051","article-title":"Seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG in 182 Polish patients","volume":"69","author":"Bura","year":"2015","journal-title":"Postep. Hig. Med. Dosw."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2309","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1712.110371","article-title":"Hepatitis E virus antibodies in blood donors, France","volume":"17","author":"Mansuy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25711","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms161025711","article-title":"Epidemiology of hepatitis E virus in European countries","volume":"16","author":"Lapa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hartl, J., Otto, B., Madden, R.G., Webb, G., Woolson, K.L., Kriston, L., Vettorayyi, E., Lohse, A.Q., Dalton, H.R., and Pische, S. (2016). Hepatitis E seroprevalence in Europe: A Meta-Analysis. Viruses, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/v8080211"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bel\u00e1k, A., Madarasov\u00e1 Geckov\u00e1, A., van Dijk, J.P., and Reijneveld, S.A. (2017). Health-endangering everyday settings and practices in a rural segregated Roma settlement in Slovakia: A descriptive summary from an exploratory longitudinal case study. BMC Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4029-x"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/15\/5\/904\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:03:04Z","timestamp":1760194984000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/15\/5\/904"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,3]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph15050904"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph15050904","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,3]]}}}