{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T09:09:08Z","timestamp":1790240948537,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,15]],"date-time":"2018-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1526342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005357","name":"APVV","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APVV-16-0463"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-16-0463"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005357","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006109","name":"VEGA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2\/0068\/17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2\/0068\/17"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006109","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006109","name":"VEGA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2\/0119\/17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2\/0119\/17"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006109","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In Europe, Ixodes ricinus is the most important vector of tick-borne zoonotic bacteria. It transmits spirochaetes from the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Rickettsia spp. Although spatial differences in the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens have been intensively studied, seasonal (within-year) fluctuations in the prevalence of these pathogens within sites are often overlooked. We analyzed the occurrence and seasonal dynamics of Ixodes ricinus in an urban forest in Bratislava, Slovakia. Furthemore, we examined temporal trends in the community structure of B. burgdorferi s.l., A. phagocytophilum and Rickettsia spp. in questing and bird-feeding ticks. The total prevalence for B. burgdorferi s.l. in questing I. ricinus was 6.8%, involving six genospecies with the dominance of bird-associated B. garinii and B. valaisiana. A. phagocytophilum, R. helvetica and R. monacensis occurred in 5.9%, 5.0% and 0.2% of questing ticks, respectively. In total, 12.5% and 4.4% of bird-feeding I. ricinus ticks carried B. burgdorferi s.l. and R. helvetica. The total prevalence of B. burgdorferi s.l. in our study site was two times lower than the mean prevalence for Europe. In contrast, A. phagocytophilum prevalence was significantly higher compared to those in other habitats of Slovakia. Our results imply that tick propagation and the transmission, suppression and seasonal dynamics of tick-borne pathogens at the study site were primarily shaped by abundance and temporal population fluctuations in ruminant and bird hosts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15050994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,15]],"date-time":"2018-05-15T11:36:13Z","timestamp":1526384173000},"page":"994","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Seasonal Patterns in the Prevalence and Diversity of Tick-Borne Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Rickettsia spp. in an Urban Temperate Forest in South Western Slovakia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Michal","family":"Chvost\u00e1\u010d","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, D\u00fabravsk\u00e1 cesta 9, 845 06 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6138-7136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"\u0160pitalsk\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, D\u00fabravsk\u00e1 cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0396-8810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radovan","family":"V\u00e1clav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, D\u00fabravsk\u00e1 cesta 9, 845 06 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Vaculov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, D\u00fabravsk\u00e1 cesta 9, 845 06 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lenka","family":"Minichov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, D\u00fabravsk\u00e1 cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2669-6969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark\u00e9ta","family":"Derd\u00e1kov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, D\u00fabravsk\u00e1 cesta 9, 845 06 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2014.00251","article-title":"Ixodes ricinus and Its Transmitted Pathogens in Urban and Peri-Urban Areas in Europe: New Hazards and Relevance for Public Health","volume":"2","author":"Rizzoli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. 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