{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T02:13:46Z","timestamp":1791512026782,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,28]],"date-time":"2018-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH\/NIAAA","award":["1 R15 AA019816-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1 R15 AA019816-01A1"]}]},{"name":"NIH\/RCMI","award":["2G12 RR003048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2G12 RR003048"]}]},{"name":"BFSAP-Howard University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alcohol abuse can affect more than the heart and the liver. Many observers often do not appreciate the complex and differing aspects of alcohol\u2019s effects in pathophysiologies that have been reported in multiple organs. Chronic alcohol abuse is known to be associated with pathophysiological changes that often result in life-threatening clinical outcomes, e.g., breast and colon cancer, pancreatic disease, cirrhosis of the liver, diabetes, osteoporosis, arthritis, kidney disease, immune system dysfunction, hypertension, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, and can be as far-reaching as to cause central nervous system disorders. In this review article, we will discuss the various organs impacted by alcohol abuse. The lack of clear guidelines on the amount and frequency of alcohol intake, complicated by personal demographics, make extrapolations to real-life practices at best difficult for public health policy-makers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15061083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,29]],"date-time":"2018-05-29T02:58:18Z","timestamp":1527562698000},"page":"1083","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Alcoholism: A Multi-Systemic Cellular Insult to Organs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ucee","family":"Dguzeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, New Jersey Medical School Rutgers, 185 S Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07103, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha C.","family":"Haddad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, 520 W Street, NW, #2309, Washington, DC 20059, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathia T. S.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, 520 W Street, NW, #2309, Washington, DC 20059, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John O.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, 520 W Street, NW, #2309, Washington, DC 20059, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelia A.","family":"Doye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gwathmey Inc., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith K.","family":"Gwathmey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gwathmey Inc., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3664-9875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georges E.","family":"Haddad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, 520 W Street, NW, #2309, Washington, DC 20059, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4560.2008.00552.x","article-title":"Exploring the roles of extracurricular activity quantity and quality in the educational resilience of vulnerable adolescents: Variable- and pattern-centered approaches","volume":"64","author":"Peck","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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