{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:43:30Z","timestamp":1792172610997,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,5]],"date-time":"2018-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000133","name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\/HS2426301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\/HS2426301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000133","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000102","name":"Health Resources and Services Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R40MC30759"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R40MC30759"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000102","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To use the 2006\u20132013 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) database to describe trends of age-adjusted rates of pediatric traumatic brain injuries (TBI) treated in U.S. emergency departments. Methods: Time trend analysis was conducted on age-adjusted rates among children \u226417 years in the U.S. The annual percent change (APC) was calculated by fitting a least squares regression to the logarithm of the rates, using the calendar year as an independent variable. Results: In males, motor-vehicle-related trauma (APC \u22122.5%) and severe TBI (APC \u22123.6%) decreased over the study time period. Conversely, concussion (APC 5.1%), unspecified head injury (APC 6.6%), fall-related TBI (APC 7.1%), and mild TBI (APC 5.9%) increased. In females, severe TBI (APC \u22123.3%) decreased over the study time period and concussion (APC 6.5%), unspecified head injury (APC 7.2%), fall-related TBI (APC 7.6%), and mild TBI (APC 6.8%) increased. Conclusion: The overall age-adjusted rates of pediatric TBI-related emergency department (ED) visits increased from 2006 to 2013, which is largely caused by pediatric mild TBIs, especially unspecified injury to the head (ICD-9-CM code 959.01) and concussion. In comparison, age-adjusted rates of pediatric severe TBIs decreased. A major contributing factor might be a reduced number of traffic-related head trauma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15061171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,5]],"date-time":"2018-06-05T04:16:43Z","timestamp":1528172203000},"page":"1171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Trend of Age-Adjusted Rates of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury in U.S. Emergency Departments from 2006 to 2013"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Cheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pediatric Trauma Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA"},{"name":"Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pediatric Trauma Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA"},{"name":"Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA"},{"name":"College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric A.","family":"Sribnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pediatric Trauma Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5639-4801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Motao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pediatric Trauma Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA"},{"name":"Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA"},{"name":"College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2007). 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