{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T16:39:02Z","timestamp":1768408742284,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,12]],"date-time":"2018-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004442","name":"National Science Centre, Poland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEC-2014\/15\/B\/NZ&\/00998"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEC-2014\/15\/B\/NZ&\/00998"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004442","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"FP7 - HEALS","award":["603946"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["603946"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004569","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3068\/7.PR\/2014\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3068\/7.PR\/2014\/2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014409","name":"Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IMP1.23\/2014-16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IMP1.23\/2014-16"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014409","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Epidemiological studies have suggested an association between maternal antioxidant levels during pregnancy and development of allergic diseases in their offspring. The aim of the study was to determine plasma vitamins A and E concentration in the 1st trimester of pregnancy, at delivery and in cord blood and to search for a relationship with allergy in up to 2-year-old children who were prenatally exposed or not exposed to tobacco smoke. The study participants included 252 mother-child pairs from Polish Mother and Child Cohort. Vitamin concentrations were measured using the HPLC-UV method, smoking status\u2014as saliva cotinine level using the HPLC-MS\/MS technique. Children\u2019s health status was assessed using a questionnaire and pediatricians\/allergists examination. Cord plasma vitamin concentrations were significantly lower than their levels in maternal plasma in the 1sttrimester and at delivery (p &lt; 0.001). Significantly higher concentrations of vitamin E have been shown to occur during the 1st trimester of pregnancy in plasma of the women who have actively\/passively smoked cigarettes compared to the non-smokers (p &lt; 0.02). Multivariate analysis with inclusion of a variety of confounding factors have not indicated any statistically significant associations between \u03b2-carotene, vitamins A and E and the risk of food allergy, atopic dermatitis and wheezing in their children up to 2 years of age. The interaction between smoking during pregnancy and vitamins levels on the risk of allergy was not statistically significant (p &lt; 0.4). The relationship between plasma concentration of vitamins A and E, and the risk of allergy in their young children has not been demonstrated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15061245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,12]],"date-time":"2018-06-12T10:58:32Z","timestamp":1528801112000},"page":"1245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Vitamins A and E during Pregnancy and Allergy Symptoms in an Early Childhood\u2014Lack of Association with Tobacco Smoke Exposure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jolanta","family":"Gromadzinska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Monitoring, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3212-2307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kinga","family":"Polanska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucyna","family":"Kozlowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"Mikolajewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Monitoring, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iwona","family":"Stelmach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, 90-329 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Jerzynska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, 90-329 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wlodzimierz","family":"Stelmach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariusz","family":"Grzesiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polish Mother\u2019s Memorial Hospital\u2014Research Institute change into Polish Mother\u2019s Memorial Hospital Research Institute"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7162-2569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"Hanke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Wasowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Monitoring, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.03.020","article-title":"Effects of antioxidant supplements and nutrients on patients with asthma and allergies","volume":"133","author":"Romieu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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