{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:27:00Z","timestamp":1772252820040,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,6]],"date-time":"2018-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical University of Lublin, Poland","award":["DS. 514\/2012-2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DS. 514\/2012-2015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: The top priority for active immunoprophylaxis of pertussis is the immunisation of infants as they can sometimes develop severe multiple-organ complications. Objectives: The aim of the work is the identification of factors negatively affecting vaccine immunity to pertussis in preschool children prior to the administration of the first booster. Patients and Methods: The research was conducted on 352 children from 4.5 to 5.9 years of age who were hospitalised in the University Children\u2019s Hospital in Lublin (Poland) from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2015. The children taking part in the study had been administered all the mandatory vaccines from their birth to the age of 2 or 2.5 years old according to the Polish Immunisation Program 2008\u20132009. The immunoenzymatic method ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) was applied to assess vaccine immunity to tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), poliomyelitis (IPV), mumps, rubella and measles. The level of vaccine antibodies to hepatitis type B was determined chemilumiscently. Results: The protective antibody titre was not found in 41 (11.65%) children before the administration of the booster. To verify the collective impact of parameters analysed on antibody titre to pertussis, the Generalized Linear Model (GLZ) was used. Gender, type of vaccine, asthma, Hib and mumps antibody titres have been shown to be predictors of vaccine immunity to pertussis. Conclusions: Immunomodulation considered on the example of titre of IgG antibody to pertussis can serve as a useful model of the assessment of development of acquired immunity after mandatory vaccinations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15071432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,9]],"date-time":"2018-07-09T11:18:53Z","timestamp":1531135133000},"page":"1432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["In Search of Factors Negatively Affecting Vaccine Immunity to Pertussis in Preschool Children before the Administration of the First Booster"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Bednarek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-059, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Bodajko-Grochowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Children Rheumatology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-059, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Hasiec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases of Children, Independent Public Provincial Hospital of Jan of God, Lublin 20-400, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Klepacz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-059, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Szczekala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Foreign Languages, I Faculty of Medicine with Dentistry Division, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-059, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danuta","family":"Zarzycka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-059, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Emeryk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Children Rheumatology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-059, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.6.6.12008","article-title":"Impaired functioning of immune defenses to infection in premature and term infants and their implications for vaccination","volume":"6","author":"Baxter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. 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