{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:02:28Z","timestamp":1760241748433,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,8]],"date-time":"2018-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006545","name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54MD007584"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54MD007584"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Due to their higher rates of anal dysplasia\/cancer, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals are recommended to undergo anal dysplasia screening, which consists of anal cytology (AC) and high resolution anoscopy (HRA) with anal biopsy (AB) after abnormal AC result. However, AC variability limits its usefulness. Our objective was to evaluate human papillomavirus (HPV)-16 DNA quantitation as part of the screening algorithm. Methods: HPV-16 was detected in AC specimens from 75 HIV-positive participants using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. AB results were available from 18\/44 patients who had abnormal AC. Statistical tests included Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and Kappa coefficient tests. Results: HPV-16 copy numbers differed significantly across AC (p = 0.001) and AB grades (p = 0.009). HPV-16 \u2265 65 copies\/cell predicted high-grade AB (p = 0.04). Using this cut-off in comparison to AB, it had better specificity (1.00) than AC (0.75) and specificity (0.77) than qualitative HPV-16 detection (0.38). Also, the Kappa coefficient of the cut-off (\u03ba = 0.649) was higher than AC (\u03ba = 0.557) and qualitative HPV-16 detection (\u03ba = 0.258) to AB. Conclusion: Higher HPV-16 copy numbers corresponded to higher AC and AB grades, suggesting the importance of HPV burden on disease stage. Furthermore, HPV-16 \u2265 65 copies\/cell distinguished high-grade disease and demonstrated better sensitivity, specificity, and agreement with AB than AC or qualitative HPV-16 detection. These results support the potential use of HPV quantitation in conjunction with AC in anal dysplasia screening.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15081690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,9]],"date-time":"2018-08-09T03:33:48Z","timestamp":1533785628000},"page":"1690","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Human Papillomavirus-16 DNA Quantitation Differentiates High-Grade Anal Neoplasia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Melissa","family":"Agsalda-Garcia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hawaii Center for AIDS, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA"},{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiffany","family":"Shieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hawaii Center for AIDS, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA"},{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleanore","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hawaii Center for AIDS, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA"},{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Loi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hawaii Center for AIDS, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA"},{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cris","family":"Milne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hawaii Center for AIDS, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complementary and Integrative Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eunjung","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complementary and Integrative Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Killeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA"},{"name":"Pathology Department, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9833-0256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruce","family":"Shiramizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hawaii Center for AIDS, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA"},{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.77.5.327","article-title":"Anal intraepithelial neoplasia in HIV positive people","volume":"77","author":"Martin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sex. Transm. 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Virol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/15\/8\/1690\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:17:23Z","timestamp":1760195843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/15\/8\/1690"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,8]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph15081690"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph15081690","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1660-4601"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,8]]}}}