{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T11:54:35Z","timestamp":1770897275177,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,9]],"date-time":"2018-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: A few studies have investigated the interaction between exposure to road traffic noise, air pollutants, and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but their results were inconsistent. This cross-sectional study investigated whether road traffic noise, particulate matter with dynamic diameter less than 10 \u03bcm (PM10) and nitrogen dioxides (NO2) exposure were independently associated with the risk of CVD. Methods: We recruited 663 volunteers who had been living near main roads for more than three years in 2008. Information concerning the subjects\u2019 home addresses was combined with noise measurements at 42 locations and annual average of air pollutants from 2 monitoring stations to estimate individual exposure. Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) for diagnosed CVD, adjusting for potential confounders and co-exposure. Results: Only per 5-dBA increase in road traffic noise was significantly associated with elevated risk of CVD (adjusted OR = 2.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.26\u20133.93) in the single-exposure models. Such association was aggravated (adjusted OR = 2.96, 95% CI = 1.41\u20136.23) after adjustment for total traffic and PM10 or NO2 in the two-exposure models. Conclusions: Road traffic noise exposure may be associated with the increasing prevalence of CVD. No synergistic association was observed between co-exposure to noise and air pollutants and the risk of CVD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15081707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,9]],"date-time":"2018-08-09T10:36:31Z","timestamp":1533810991000},"page":"1707","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Road Traffic Noise, Air Pollutants, and the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease in Taichung, Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Wei-Ting","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ven-Shing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Te","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Feng Chia University, No. 100, Wen-Hwa Road, Taichung 40724, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai-Jen","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsiao-Chi","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiu-Shong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5510-6513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo-Ying","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Nursing, Asia University, No. 500, Lioufeng Road, Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5664-4559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ta-Yuan","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61613-X","article-title":"Auditory and non-auditory effects of noise on health","volume":"383","author":"Basner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu030","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of environmental noise exposure","volume":"35","author":"Munzel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. 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