{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T14:49:49Z","timestamp":1785595789959,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,18]],"date-time":"2018-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000193","name":"International Development Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["107347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["107347"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000193","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16\/136\/35"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16\/136\/35"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/P022006\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/P022006\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/L009242\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/L009242\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Aldama Foundation","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ambient air pollution is a major global health problem and commercial drivers are particularly exposed to it. As no systematic assessment of the health risks associated with occupational exposure to ambient air pollution in this population had yet been carried out, we conducted a systematic review using a protocol-driven strategy. Papers published from inception to April 20, 2018 in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, African journals online, the Cochrane library, ISRCTN WHO ICTRP, and the Web of Science and Scopus databases were screened for inclusion by two independent reviewers. Original articles with at least an available abstract in English or French were included. The initial search retrieved 1454 published articles of which 20 articles were included. Three studies reported a significant difference in white blood cells (106\/L) among commercial motorcyclists compared to rural inhabitants (5.041 \u00b1 1.209 vs. 5.900 \u00b1 1.213, p = 0.001), an increased risk of lung cancer (RR = 1.6, 95%CI 1.5\u20131.8) in bus drivers and an increased standardized mortality ratio (SMR) in bus drivers from Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma (SMR 2.17, 95%CI 1.19\u20133.87) compared to white-collar workers. Other studies also found that drivers had more oxidative DNA damage and chromosome breaks. Four papers failed to demonstrate that the drivers were more exposed to air pollution than the controls. Three other studies also reported no significant difference in lung function parameters and respiratory symptoms. The genetic polymorphisms of detoxifying enzymes were also not homogeneously distributed compared to the controls. There is some evidence that occupational exposure to ambient air pollution among commercial drivers is associated with adverse health outcomes, but the existing literature is limited, with few studies on small sample size, methodological weaknesses, and contradictory findings\u2014thus, further research is recommended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15092039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,18]],"date-time":"2018-09-18T11:52:29Z","timestamp":1537271549000},"page":"2039","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Health Risks Associated with Occupational Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution in Commercial Drivers: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6874-045X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herve","family":"Lawin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Teaching and Research in Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Cotonou 03BP0490, Benin"},{"name":"Institut R\u00e9gional de Sant\u00e9 Publique, University of Abomey Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP 526, Benin"},{"name":"EcoHealth Chair, University of Abomey Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP 526, Benin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucie","family":"Ayi Fanou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire, FAST\/UAC, Cotonou 01 BP 526, Benin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine Vikkey","family":"Hinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Teaching and Research in Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Cotonou 03BP0490, Benin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6091-9316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"Stolbrink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parfait","family":"Houngbegnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut R\u00e9gional de Sant\u00e9 Publique, University of Abomey Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP 526, Benin"},{"name":"EcoHealth Chair, University of Abomey Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP 526, Benin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nonvignon Marius","family":"Kedote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut R\u00e9gional de Sant\u00e9 Publique, University of Abomey Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP 526, Benin"},{"name":"EcoHealth Chair, University of Abomey Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP 526, Benin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Fayomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Teaching and Research in Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Cotonou 03BP0490, Benin"},{"name":"EcoHealth Chair, University of Abomey Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP 526, Benin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Kagima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0553-201X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Katoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and the H\u00f4pital Provincial General de Reference de Bukavu, Universite Catholique de Bukavu, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo"},{"name":"Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Laboratory of pneumology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edgard Marius Dona","family":"Ouendo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut R\u00e9gional de Sant\u00e9 Publique, University of Abomey Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP 526, Benin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8118-8871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Mortimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2018, February 24). 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