{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T18:07:47Z","timestamp":1770487667697,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,14]],"date-time":"2018-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN271201100027C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN271201100027C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>More than half of adult tobacco users in the United States (U.S.) transitioned in tobacco product use between 2013\u20132014 and 2014\u20132015. We examine how characteristics of adult tobacco users in the U.S. relate to transitions in tobacco product use. Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study data were analyzed from 12,862 adult current tobacco users who participated in Wave 1 (W1, 2013\u20132014) and Wave 2 (W2, 2014\u20132015). Three types of transitions were examined\u2014(1) adding tobacco product(s); (2) switching to non-cigarette tobacco product(s); and (3) discontinuing all tobacco use\u2014among those currently using: (1) any tobacco product; (2) cigarettes only (i.e., exclusive cigarette); and (3) cigarettes plus another tobacco product(s) (i.e., poly-cigarette). Multinomial logistic regression analyses determined relative risk of type of transition versus no transition as a function of demographic and tobacco use characteristics. Transitions in tobacco product use among adult tobacco users were common overall, but varied among different demographic groups, including by age, sex, sexual orientation, race\/ethnicity, educational attainment, and poverty level. Further, cigarette smokers with higher dependence scores were more likely to add product(s) and less likely to discontinue tobacco use compared to those with low dependence scores. That high nicotine dependence is a barrier to discontinuing tobacco use adds evidence to support policy to lower nicotine content of cigarettes and to evaluate new products for their potential to reduce cigarette use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15112556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,14]],"date-time":"2018-11-14T10:58:22Z","timestamp":1542193102000},"page":"2556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Correlates of Transitions in Tobacco Product Use by U.S. Adult Tobacco Users between 2013\u20132014 and 2014\u20132015: Findings from the PATH Study Wave 1 and Wave 2"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Karin A.","family":"Kasza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Blair","family":"Coleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Westat, Rockville, MD 20850, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin P.","family":"Conway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. Michael","family":"Cummings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6748-3068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej L.","family":"Goniewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raymond S.","family":"Niaura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies, Truth Initiative, Washington, DC 20001, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth Y.","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liane M.","family":"Schneller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shari P.","family":"Feirman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth A.","family":"Donaldson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Ching","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iilun","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies, Truth Initiative, Washington, DC 20001, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dennis R.","family":"Trinidad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maansi","family":"Bansal-Travers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tara","family":"Elton-Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, London, ON M5T 1R8, Canada"},{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada"},{"name":"Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Gundersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, Somerset, NJ 08873, USA"},{"name":"Survey and Data Management Core, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cassandra A.","family":"Stanton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Westat, Rockville, MD 20850, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David B.","family":"Abrams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies, Truth Initiative, Washington, DC 20001, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey T.","family":"Fong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada"},{"name":"Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolette","family":"Borek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wilson M.","family":"Compton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Hyland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2011-050281","article-title":"Non-cigarette tobacco products: What have we learnt and where are we headed?","volume":"21","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tob. 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