{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T20:53:18Z","timestamp":1792270398605,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,10]],"date-time":"2018-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health","award":["D43TW009522"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D43TW009522"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81560549"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81560549"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this paper is to evaluate the link between the history of exposure to tuberculosis (TB) in the household and diagnosed TB cases at school, and to compare the detection rate of active TB among household contacts and classroom contacts of adolescent TB cases with the rates among contacts of healthy controls. From November 2016 to December 2017, a prospective matched case-control study was conducted using passively identified index adolescent student cases from the TB surveillance system and healthy controls (matched by county, school type, sex, age and ethnicity). Contacts in households and classrooms of index cases and of controls were investigated. Matched tabulation of 117 case-control pairs revealed exposure to TB in the household as a strong risk factor (odds ratio (OR) = 21.0, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.4, 868.6). Forty-five (case detection rate 0.69%) and two (case detection rate 0.03%) new active TB cases were detected among 6512 and 6480 classroom contacts of the index cases and controls, respectively. Having an index case in the classroom significantly increased the risk of classmates contracting active TB (OR = 22.5, 95% CI: 5.9, 191.4). Our findings suggested that previous exposure to TB in the household could lead a child to catch TB at school, then spread TB to classmates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15122803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,10]],"date-time":"2018-12-10T11:31:16Z","timestamp":1544441476000},"page":"2803","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Tuberculosis Transmission in Households and Classrooms of Adolescent Cases Compared to the Community in China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2064-8974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongxiang","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China"},{"name":"Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rushu","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1024-5813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward","family":"Graviss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, The Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dingwen","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dabin","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huifang","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liwen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minying","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9850-4463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virasakdi","family":"Chongsuvivatwong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2018, December 07). 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