{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T05:11:07Z","timestamp":1784265067935,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,13]],"date-time":"2018-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"China National Forestry and Grassland Bureau","award":["Public Interest Program of China National Forestry NO.201404301and Grassland Bureau"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Public Interest Program of China National Forestry NO.201404301and Grassland Bureau"]}]},{"name":"China National Forestry and Grassland Bureau","award":["Public Interest Program of China National Forestry and Grassland Bureau NO. 201404315"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Public Interest Program of China National Forestry and Grassland Bureau NO. 201404315"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Air pollution has become a critical issue in the urban areas of southeastern China in recent years. A complete understanding of the tempo-spatial characteristics of air pollution can help the public and governmental bodies manage their lives and work better. In this study, data for six criteria air pollutants (including particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3)) from 37 sites in nine major cities within Fujian Province, China were collected between January 2015 to December 2016, and analyzed. We analyzed the spatial and temporal variations of these six criteria pollutants, as well as the attainment rates, and identified what were the major pollutants. Our results show that: (1) the two-year mean values of PM2.5 and PM10 exceeded the Chinese National Ambient Air Quality Standard (CAAQS) standard I levels, whereas other air pollutants were below the CAAQS standard I; (2) the six criteria air pollutants show spatial variations (i.e. most air pollutants were higher in the city center areas, followed by suburban areas and exurban areas, except for O3; and the concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, NO2, O3 were higher in coastal cities than in inland cities); (3) seasonal variations and the no attainment rates of air pollutants were found to be higher in cold seasons and lower in warm seasons, except for O3; (4) the most frequently present air pollutant was PM10, with PM2.5 and O3 being the second and third most frequent, respectively; (5) all the air pollutants, except O3, showed positive correlations with each other. These results provide additional information for the effective control of air pollution in the province of Fujian.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15122846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,14]],"date-time":"2018-12-14T03:58:17Z","timestamp":1544759897000},"page":"2846","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Spatial and Temporal Variations of Six Criteria Air Pollutants in Fujian Province, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Weicong","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China"},{"name":"Urban Forestry Research in Action, Department of Forest Resources Management, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, BC Canada"},{"name":"Collaborative for Advanced Landscape Planning, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziru","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China"},{"name":"Urban Forestry Research in Action, Department of Forest Resources Management, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, BC Canada"},{"name":"Collaborative for Advanced Landscape Planning, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China"},{"name":"Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qunyue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China"},{"name":"Urban Forestry Research in Action, Department of Forest Resources Management, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecil C. Konijnendijk","family":"Van den Bosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urban Forestry Research in Action, Department of Forest Resources Management, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, BC Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinda","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of built environment, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8752-6256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Architecture &amp; Urban Planning, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianwen","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.9.1132","article-title":"Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution","volume":"287","author":"Pope","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-12-43","article-title":"Long-term air pollution exposure and cardio-respiratory mortality: A review","volume":"12","author":"Hoek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. 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