{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T12:05:49Z","timestamp":1791979549416,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,21]],"date-time":"2018-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Resulting from prenatal exposure to alcohol, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is characterized by deficits in adaptive and cognitive functioning. This disorder is typically accompanied by co-occurring disorders and conditions (e.g., mood, anxiety, psychosis, and substance use disorders). This complicated presentation of diverse symptoms makes the process of screening, assessing, and diagnosing FASD very difficult, limiting the likelihood that clients receive the treatment and services that they need. Although mental health care providers have an opportunity to intervene on behalf of clients with FASD, professionals may not be very familiar or comfortable with this complicated and life-altering disorder. The present study explores the familiarity of 79 mental health outpatient treatment professionals\u2019 personal knowledge and training about FASD. Findings suggest that the majority of respondents had received at least some FASD training, understood the basic symptoms of FASD, and were realistic about FASD\u2019s impact on treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16010016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,21]],"date-time":"2018-12-21T09:24:11Z","timestamp":1545384251000},"page":"16","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Perceptions of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) at a Mental Health Outpatient Treatment Provider in Minnesota"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jerrod","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathways Counseling Center, Inc., St. Paul, MN 55104, USA"},{"name":"Department of Human Services, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Concordia University, St. Paul, MN 55104, USA"},{"name":"American Institute for the Advancement of Forensic Studies, St. Paul, MN 55104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Harr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Graduate Teacher Education, College of Education, Concordia University, St. Paul, MN 55104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.21896","article-title":"Prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in 4 U.S. communities","volume":"319","author":"May","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/14.4.231","article-title":"Diagnosing fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: History, challenges and future directions","volume":"14","author":"Benz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Paediatr. 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