{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T18:10:51Z","timestamp":1784830251734,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]],"date-time":"2019-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["668786"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["668786"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Changing patterns of heat waves are part of the global warming effect and the importance of changes is reinforced by their negative impact on society. Firstly, heat waves were analyzed in Brnik (Slovenia) and Larisa (Greece) in the period 1981\u20132017 to reflect the environment which workers are exposed to. Secondly, outdoor workers (70 from Greece, 216 from Slovenia) provided a self-assessment of heat stress. The heat wave timeline is presented as an effective way of illustrating long-term changes in heat waves\u2019 characteristics for various stakeholders. In both countries, workers assessed as significant the heat stress impact on productivity (Greece 69%, Slovenia 71%; p &gt; 0.05), and in Slovenia also on well-being (74%; p &lt; 0.01). The main experienced symptoms and diseases were thirst (Greece 70%, Slovenia 82%; p = 0.03), excessive sweating (67%, 85%; p = 0.01), exhaustion (51%, 62%; p &gt; 0.05) and headache (44%, 53%; p &gt; 0.05). The most common way to reduce heat stress was drinking more water (Greece 64%, Slovenia 82%; p = 0.001). Among the informed workers, the prevalent source of information was discussions. Therefore, educational campaigns are recommended, together with the testing of the efficiency of mitigation measures that will be proposed on the Heat-Shield project portal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16040597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,20]],"date-time":"2019-02-20T03:05:52Z","timestamp":1550631952000},"page":"597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Heat Waves Occurrence and Outdoor Workers\u2019 Self-assessment of Heat Stress in Slovenia and Greece"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Tja\u0161a","family":"Poga\u010dar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Agrometeorology, Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zala","family":"\u017dnidar\u0161i\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu\u010dka","family":"Kajfe\u017e Bogataj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Agrometeorology, Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9823-3915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas D.","family":"Flouris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100 Trikala, Greece"},{"name":"Human and Environmental Physiological Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantina","family":"Poulianiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100 Trikala, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zalika","family":"\u010crepin\u0161ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Agrometeorology, Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4761","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-D-11-00575.1","article-title":"A Model Study of Heat Waves over North America: Meteorological Aspects and Projections for the Twenty-First Century","volume":"25","author":"Lau","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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