{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T15:09:50Z","timestamp":1790435390568,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,20]],"date-time":"2019-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000125","name":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2U50\/OH009739"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2U50\/OH009739"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000125","name":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5U50\/OH009739"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5U50\/OH009739"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U50\/ATU272750"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U50\/ATU272750"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Following the World Trade Center (WTC) attacks in New York City (NYC) on 11 September 2001 (9\/11), thousands in NYC experienced significant stress reactions and disorders, presenting an immediate need for counseling and treatment. While other studies documented post-9\/11 mental health treatment utilization, none have data more than two years post-disaster. We used data from 35,629 enrollees of the WTC Health Registry, a longitudinal cohort study of those exposed to the WTC attacks, to examine predictors of counseling after 9\/11, the types of practitioners seen, and the perceived helpfulness of therapy up to 15 years post-disaster. Among enrollees, 37.7% reported receiving counseling at some time after 9\/11. Predictors of seeking counseling included race\/ethnicity, age at 9\/11, education level, exposure to the WTC attacks, other traumatic experiences, mental health symptomology, and pre-9\/11 counseling. Whites and Hispanics, those who were children on 9\/11, and those with high levels of exposure to the WTC attacks sought counseling soonest after 9\/11. Among those who sought counseling, Blacks, Asians, and those with lower education and income were less likely to see mental health specialists and more likely to see general practitioners or religious advisors. Finally, among those who sought recent counseling, women, Blacks, those aged \u226565 years, and those with very high WTC exposures were more likely to rate their recent counseling as very helpful. This study used data up to 15 years post-disaster to document mental health treatment utilization patterns, trends, and disparities that have implications for future preparedness plans and needs assessments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16040626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,20]],"date-time":"2019-02-20T11:45:39Z","timestamp":1550663139000},"page":"626","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Characterizing Mental Health Treatment Utilization among Individuals Exposed to the 2001 World Trade Center Terrorist Attacks 14\u201315 Years Post-Disaster"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Melanie H.","family":"Jacobson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"World Trade Center Health Registry, Division of Epidemiology, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY 10013, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Norman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mental Hygiene, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, NY 11101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Sadler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mental Hygiene, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, NY 11101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lysa J.","family":"Petrsoric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Trade Center Health Registry, Division of Epidemiology, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY 10013, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Brackbill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Trade Center Health Registry, Division of Epidemiology, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY 10013, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1093\/jurban\/79.3.322","article-title":"Mental health needs in New York State following the September 11th attacks","volume":"79","author":"Herman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. 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