{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T06:49:29Z","timestamp":1768286969274,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]],"date-time":"2019-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cross-contamination between occupants in an indoor space may occur due to transfer of infectious aerosols. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) provides detailed insight into particle transport in indoor spaces. However, such simulations are site-specific. This study couples CFD with statistical moments and establishes a framework that transitions site-specific results to generating guidelines for designing \u201chealthy\u201d indoor spaces. Eighteen cases were simulated, and three parameters were assessed: inlet\/outlet location, air changes per hour, and the presence\/absence of desks. Aerosol release due to a simulated \u201csneeze\u201d in a two-dimensional ventilated space was applied as a test case. Mean, standard deviation, and skewness of the velocity profiles and particle locations gave an overall picture of the spread and movement of the air flow in the domain. A parameter or configuration did not dominate the values, confirming the significance of considering the combined influence of multiple parameters for determining localized air-flow characteristics. Particle clustering occurred more when the inlet was positioned above the outlet. The particle dispersion pattern could be classified into two time zones: \u201cnear time\u201d, &lt;60 s, and \u201cfar time\u201d, &gt;120 s. Based on dosage, the 18 cases were classified into three groups ranging from worst case scenario to best case scenario.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16050800","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]],"date-time":"2019-03-05T11:19:50Z","timestamp":1551784790000},"page":"800","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Coupling Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations and Statistical Moments for Designing Healthy Indoor Spaces"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Shamia","family":"Hoque","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, 300 Main Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Firoza B.","family":"Omar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, 300 Main Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-1323(97)00073-5","article-title":"Three-dimensional analysis of airflow and containment particle transport in a partitioned enclosure","volume":"34","author":"Chung","year":"1999","journal-title":"Build. 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