{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T20:49:43Z","timestamp":1786999783328,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]],"date-time":"2019-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: Several studies have shown mortality and suicide risk in substance use disorders, and autopsy findings with respect to the used substances. However, there seems to be a gap in the knowledge about substances misused in life and at death at the within-person level. Methods: All consecutive, autopsied patients during 1993 to 1997, who had been in contact with the Addiction Centre in Malm\u00f6 from 1968, were investigated (365 subjects). Drug misuse in the long-term course noted in case records was related to autopsy findings. Self-inflicted death (suicide\/undetermined suicide\/accidental overdose) was compared with natural death. Results: Benzodiazepine misuse was associated with a high risk of autopsy findings of the substance in suicide and death of undetermined intent. It was also associated among non-misusers, but less so. An alcohol level above 1\u2030 was found more often in self-inflicted death. Prescription opioids at autopsy were mainly found in self-inflicted death among non-misusers. Heroin misuse was related to overdose. Central nervous system stimulants (CNS-S) and cannabis were rarely found in self-inflicted death among previous misusers. The overlap between depression in life and antidepressants at death was low. Conclusions: Benzodiazepines and alcohol seem to disinhibit suicidal tendencies. Suicide risk among users of cannabis and CNS-S may be related to other risk factors than acute use. Implications for suicide prevention are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16050801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]],"date-time":"2019-03-05T11:19:50Z","timestamp":1551784790000},"page":"801","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["From Substance Use Disorders in Life to Autopsy Findings: A Combined Case-Record and Medico-Legal Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Louise","family":"Br\u00e5dvik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, SE-22185 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"L\u00f6wenhielm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, SE-22185 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arne","family":"Frank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lund University, SE-22185 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mats","family":"Berglund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, SE-22185 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.170.3.205","article-title":"Suicide as an outcome for mental disorders. 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