{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:10:54Z","timestamp":1788826254234,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":337,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,8]],"date-time":"2019-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study provides diverse lines of evidence demonstrating that fluoride (F) exposure contributes to degenerative eye diseases by stimulating or inhibiting biological pathways associated with the pathogenesis of cataract, age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma. As elucidated in this study, F exerts this effect by inhibiting enolase, \u03c4-crystallin, Hsp40, Na+, K+-ATPase, Nrf2, \u03b3 -GCS, HO-1 Bcl-2, FoxO1, SOD, PON-1 and glutathione activity, and upregulating NF-\u03baB, IL-6, AGEs, HsP27 and Hsp70 expression. Moreover, F exposure leads to enhanced oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant activity. Based on the evidence presented in this study, it can be concluded that F exposure may be added to the list of identifiable risk factors associated with pathogenesis of degenerative eye diseases. The broader impact of these findings suggests that reducing F intake may lead to an overall reduction in the modifiable risk factors associated with degenerative eye diseases. Further studies are required to examine this association and determine differences in prevalence rates amongst fluoridated and non-fluoridated communities, taking into consideration other dietary sources of F such as tea. Finally, the findings of this study elucidate molecular pathways associated with F exposure that may suggest a possible association between F exposure and other inflammatory diseases. Further studies are also warranted to examine these associations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16050856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,8]],"date-time":"2019-03-08T11:21:59Z","timestamp":1552044119000},"page":"856","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The Contribution of Fluoride to the Pathogenesis of Eye Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms and Implications for Public Health"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Declan Timothy","family":"Waugh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EnviroManagement Services, 11 Riverview, Doherty\u2019s Rd, Bandon, P72 YF10 Co. Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"609","article-title":"Tissue factor with age-related macular degeneration","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"772","article-title":"Acetylcholinesterase function in apoptotic retina pigment epithelial cells induced by H2O2","volume":"6","author":"Cai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.04.016","article-title":"The relationship of major American dietary patterns to age-related macular degeneration","volume":"158","author":"Chiu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18637","article-title":"Overweight, Obesity, and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"57","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.118.3.351","article-title":"Hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and age-related macular degeneration. Age-Related Macular Degeneration Risk Factors Study Group","volume":"118","author":"Hyman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.09.033","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk factors and the long-term incidence of age-related macular degeneration: The Blue Mountains Eye Study","volume":"114","author":"Tan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2003.11.010","article-title":"Risk factors for incident age-related macular degeneration: Pooled findings from 3 continents","volume":"111","author":"Tomany","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, X., Rong, S.S., Xu, Q., Tang, F.Y., Liu, Y., Gu, H., Tam, P.O., Chen, L.J., Brel\u00e9n, M.E., and Pang, C.P. (2014). Diabetes mellitus and risk of age-related macular degeneration: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108196"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-0707","article-title":"The Association Between Diabetes and Age-Related Macular Degeneration Among the Elderly in Taiwan","volume":"41","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(00)00023-9","article-title":"Risk factors for age-related macular degeneration","volume":"20","author":"Evans","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e98","DOI":"10.1097\/MJT.0b013e3181ea31ff","article-title":"Reactive Oxygen Species and the Aging Eye: Specific Role of Metabolically Active Mitochondria in Maintaining Lens Function and in the Initiation of the Oxidation-Induced Maturity Onset Cataract\u2014A Novel Platform of Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants with Broad Therapeutic Potential for Redox Regulation and Detoxification of Oxidants in Eye Diseases","volume":"23","author":"Babizhayev","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Ther."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2012.02444.x","article-title":"Cataract prevalence and prevention in Europe: A literature review","volume":"91","author":"Prokofyeva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/1047-2797(95)00099-2","article-title":"Food and nutrient intake and risk of cataract","volume":"6","author":"Tavani","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"415","article-title":"The new epidemiology of cataract","volume":"19","author":"Abraham","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-0304","article-title":"Incidence of Blindness in Southern Germany Due to Glaucoma and Degenerative Conditions","volume":"44","author":"Trautner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, X., Lyu, D., Dong, X., He, J., and Yao, K. (2014). Hypertension and risk of cataract: A meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114012"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"735","article-title":"Ophthalmologische symptome beim Down syndrom","volume":"91","author":"Gnad","year":"1979","journal-title":"Wien. Klin. Wochenschr."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00413458","article-title":"Ophthalmologische symptome beim Mongolismussyndrom","volume":"205","author":"Rochels","year":"1977","journal-title":"Albrecht Von Graefes. Arch. Klin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)72015-X","article-title":"Ocular findings in Down\u2019s syndrome","volume":"122","author":"Moreira","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-0179-3-26","article-title":"Prevalence of cataract in adult Down\u2019s syndrome patients aged 28 to 83 years","volume":"3","author":"Puri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Pract. Epidemiol. Ment. Health"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200011000-00002","article-title":"Are schizophrenia or antipsychotic drugs a risk factor for cataracts?","volume":"11","author":"Ruigomez","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, L., Wan, X.H., and Zhao, G.H. (2014). Meta-analysis of the risk of cataract in type 2 diabetes. BMC Ophthalmol., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2415-14-94"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6762","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-17201","article-title":"Number of People Blind or Visually Impaired by Cataract Worldwide and in World Regions, 1990 to 2010","volume":"56","author":"Khairallah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optom.2016.02.003","article-title":"Glaucoma history and risk factors","volume":"10","author":"McMonnies","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Optom."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"217","article-title":"Potential role for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in the treatment of glaucoma","volume":"1","author":"Hirooka","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Deloitte Access Economics (2019, January 09). The Economic Impact of Vision Impairment and Blindness in the Republic of Ireland NCBI (National Council for the Blind of Ireland) May 2011. Available online: http:\/\/www.eyedoctors.ie\/documents\/Cost_of_Sight_Loss_Full_Repor.pdf."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"(2019, January 09). Eurostat. Available online: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php?title=File:Surgical_operations_and_procedures_performed_in_hospitals_%E2%80%94_top_10_procedures_group_1,_2015_or_2016_(per_100_000_inhabitants)_HLTH18.png."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2014-305768","article-title":"Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in the Republic of Ireland","volume":"99","author":"Akuffo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1159\/000315531","article-title":"Macular Pigment Optical Density in an Aging Irish Population: The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing","volume":"44","author":"Nolan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ophthalm. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.124.4.529","article-title":"Prevalence of age-related maculopathy in older Europeans: The European Eye Study (EUREYE)","volume":"124","author":"Augood","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.05.035","article-title":"Prevalence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Europe: The Past and the Future","volume":"124","author":"Colijn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2011-301109","article-title":"The estimated prevalence and incidence of late stage age related macular degeneration in the UK","volume":"96","author":"Owen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.3.379","article-title":"The prevalence of age-related maculopathy in iceland: Reykjavik eye study","volume":"121","author":"Jonasson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2006.00696.x","article-title":"The prevalence of age-related maculopathy (ARM) in an urban Norwegian population: The Oslo Macular study","volume":"84","author":"Syrdalen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(98)00025-1","article-title":"The prevalence of age-related maculopathy by geographic region and ethnicity","volume":"18","author":"Klein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.11.015","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for agerelated macular degeneration in an adult Japanese population: The Funagata study","volume":"115","author":"Kawasaki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2010.318","article-title":"Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in the US population","volume":"129","author":"Klein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(95)31012-3","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic differences in age-related maculopathy: Third National Health and Nutrition Survey","volume":"102","author":"Klein","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.122.4.487","article-title":"Prevalence of Cataract and Pseudophakia\/Aphakia Among Adults in the United States","volume":"122","author":"Congdon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Lindstrom, R. (2015). Thoughts on cataract surgery. Rev. Ophthalmol., Available online: https:\/\/www.reviewofophthalmology.com\/article\/thoughts-on--cataract-surgery-2015."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(01)00971-X","article-title":"Incremental cost-effectiveness of initial cataract surgery","volume":"109","author":"Busbee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association (2013). Economic costs of diabetes in the U.S. in 2012. Diabetes Care, 36, 1033\u20131046.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-2625"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.4182","article-title":"Prevalence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Australia: The Australian National Eye Health Survey","volume":"135","author":"Keel","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.1996.tb01601.x","article-title":"Cataract surgery in Australia 1985\u20131994","volume":"24","author":"Keeffe","year":"1996","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan, A.G., Wang, J.J., Rochtchina, E., and Mitchell, P. (2006). Comparison of age-specific cataract prevalence in two population-based surveys 6 years apart. BMC Ophthalmol., 6.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2415-6-17"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(99)00218-4","article-title":"The epidemiology of cataract in Australia","volume":"128","author":"McCarty","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-9071.2003.00635.x","article-title":"Projected prevalence of age-related cataract and cataract surgery in Australia for the years 2001 and 2021: Pooled data from two population-based surveys","volume":"31","author":"Rochtchina","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"44","article-title":"Prevalence predictions for age-related macular degeneration in New Zealand have implications for provision of healthcare services","volume":"128","author":"Worsley","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Z. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Access Economics (2010). Clear focus\u2014The Economic Impact of Vision Loss in New Zealand in 2009. A Report for Vision 2020 Australia in Support of the Vision 2020 New Zealand Trust, Access Economics Pty Limited. Available online: http:\/\/blindfoundation.org.nz\/learn\/blindness\/clear-focus."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"National Health Committee (2019, January 10). Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Tier 2 Assessment Consultation Submissions, Available online: http:\/\/nhc.health.govt.nz."},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Blind Foundation (2019, January 29). Eye Diseases. Available online: https:\/\/blindfoundation.org.nz\/eye-info\/latest-statistics\/."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.44.4.213","article-title":"Experimental degeneration of the retina","volume":"44","author":"Sorsby","year":"1960","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1038\/210997a0","article-title":"Oxidizing agents as potentiators of the retinotoxic action of sodium fluoride, sodium iodate and sodium iodoacetate","volume":"210","author":"Sorsby","year":"1966","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(67)80068-X","article-title":"Experimental degeneration of the rabbit retina induced by sodium fluoride","volume":"6","author":"Orzalesi","year":"1967","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(67)80012-5","article-title":"A study on the fine structure and the rhodopsin cycle of the rabbit retina in experimental degeneration induced by diaminodiphenoxypentane","volume":"6","author":"Orzalesi","year":"1967","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"684","article-title":"Some metabolic disturbances of the retina due to the effect of natrium fluoride","volume":"158","author":"Vanysek","year":"1969","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"40","article-title":"Fluoride level in cataract lenses in an urban area of India","volume":"24","author":"Shukla","year":"1991","journal-title":"Fluoride"},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"133","article-title":"Les opacifications du cristallin mongolisme et cataracte s\u00e9nile (Don\u00e9es statisques r\u00e9centes)","volume":"2","author":"Rapaport","year":"1957","journal-title":"Rev. Anthropol. (Paris)"},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"468","article-title":"Contribution a l\u2019\u00e9tude etiologique du mongolisme: R\u00f4le des inhibiteurs enzymatiques","volume":"46","author":"Rapaport","year":"1957","journal-title":"L\u2019Enc\u00e9phale"},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"263","article-title":"Oligophr\u00e9nie mongolienne et ectodermoses cong\u00e9nitales","volume":"87","author":"Rapaport","year":"1960","journal-title":"Ann. Dermatol. Syphiligr."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"302","article-title":"Dissemination of senile cataract among the population of Poltava Province consuming water with various fluorine levels","volume":"5","author":"Korneva","year":"1984","journal-title":"Oftalmol. Zh."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1081\/CUS-120014093","article-title":"Heavy iridocorneal angle hyperpigmentation and glaucoma associated with fluorosis","volume":"21","author":"Aytuluner","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Cutaneous Ocular Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_63","unstructured":"Tomar, S., Sharma, A., and Tripathi, S. (2014, January 13\u201317). Fluoride intake increases oxidative burden of cataractogenesis in fluoride endemic areas in India, Abstract. Proceedings of the XXXII Congress of the ESCRS, London, UK."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1081\/CUS-120019327","article-title":"Cataractogenic effect of fluorosis in an animal model","volume":"22","author":"Aytuluner","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Cutaneous Ocular Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.4172\/2161-0525.1000231","article-title":"Fluoride Induces Morphological and Biochemical Changes in Goat Eye Lens","volume":"4","author":"Mishra","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Environ. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.38.11.673","article-title":"Inhibition of sugar metabolism in the lens","volume":"38","author":"Nordmann","year":"1954","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthal."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.41.8.449","article-title":"Studies on developing retinal vessels","volume":"41","author":"Ashton","year":"1957","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.43.1.40","article-title":"In vitro swelling of the kitten retina induced by sodium fluoride inhibition","volume":"43","author":"Graymore","year":"1959","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00684762","article-title":"The effect of sodium fluoride on the metabolism of the lens","volume":"158","author":"Kleifeld","year":"1956","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1042\/bj0230936","article-title":"Observations on Tissue Glycolysis: The effect of fluoride and some other substances","volume":"23","author":"Dickens","year":"1929","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"119","article-title":"Fluoride intake increases oxidative burden of cataractognesis in fluoride endemic areas in India","volume":"5","author":"Tomar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_72","unstructured":"(2001). Recommendations for using fluoride to prevent and control dental caries in the United States. MMWR, 50, 1\u201342."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2013.01.025","article-title":"Human exposure assessment of fluoride from tea (Camellia sinensis L.)","volume":"51","author":"Chan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Waugh, D.T., Potter, W., Limeback, H., and Godfrey, M. (2016). Risk assessment of fluoride intake from tea in the republic of Ireland and its implications for public health and water fluoridation. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13030259"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5120504","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/5120504","article-title":"Black Tea Source, Production, and Consumption: Assessment of Health Risks of Fluoride Intake in New Zealand","volume":"2017","author":"Waugh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Environ. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2013). Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for fluoride. EFSA J., 11, 3332.","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2013.3332"},{"key":"ref_77","unstructured":"(2019, January 11). Water Fluoridation for the Prevention of Dental Caries (Review). The Cochrane Library 2015, Issue 6. Available online: https:\/\/www.cochrane.org\/CD010856\/ORAL_water-fluoridation-prevent-tooth-decay."},{"key":"ref_78","unstructured":"(2019, January 11). Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Cosmetic Products and Non-Food Products Intended for Consumers Concerning the Safety of Fluorine Compounds in Oral Hygiene Products for Children Under the Age of 6 Years. Available online: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/health\/ph_risk\/committees\/04_sccp\/docs\/sccp_o_024.pdf."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.25996","article-title":"The Nrf2 Signaling in Retinal Ganglion Cells under Oxidative Stress in Ocular Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00018.2001","article-title":"Free radicals in the physiological control of cell function","volume":"82","year":"2002","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_81","first-page":"S18","article-title":"Oxidative stress in anemia","volume":"53","author":"Grune","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.9.12.7672510","article-title":"Oxidative stress-induced cataract: Mechanism of action","volume":"9","author":"Spector","year":"1995","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_83","first-page":"714","article-title":"Age-related changes in human trabecular meshwork cellularity","volume":"21","author":"Alvarado","year":"1981","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_84","first-page":"1283","article-title":"Glutathione in calf trabecular meshwork and its relation to aqueous humor outflow facility","volume":"24","author":"Kahn","year":"1983","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(88)90174-9","article-title":"Solar radiation and age-related macular degeneration","volume":"32","author":"Young","year":"1988","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.45.9.1233","article-title":"Abnormalities of retinal metabolism in diabetes or experimental galactosemia. III. Effects of antioxidants","volume":"45","author":"Kowluru","year":"1996","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(99)00003-8","article-title":"Free radical mediated photoreceptor damage in uveitis","volume":"19","author":"Rao","year":"2000","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-005-3087-z","article-title":"Prevention of cataract by pyruvate in experimentally diabetic mice","volume":"269","author":"Hedge","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biochem."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-010-0503-9","article-title":"Inhibition of glycolysis in the retina by oxidative stress: Prevention by pyruvate","volume":"343","author":"Hegde","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2008.2119","article-title":"Oxidative stress, lens gap junctions, and cataracts","volume":"11","author":"Berthoud","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2005.11.001","article-title":"The role of oxidative stress in glaucoma","volume":"612","author":"Izzotti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optom.2017.06.002","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, glaucoma and hyperbaric oxygen therapy","volume":"11","author":"McMonnies","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Optom."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.2165\/00126839-200405030-00001","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation and cataracts: N-acetylcarnosine as a therapeutic tool to manage age-related cataracts in human and in canine eyes","volume":"5","author":"Babizhayev","year":"2004","journal-title":"Drugs R&D"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2008.05.018","article-title":"Mitochondrial function and redox control in the aging eye: Role of MsrA and other repair systems in cataract and macular degenerations","volume":"88","author":"Brennan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1159\/000027474","article-title":"Oxidative stress and age-related cataract","volume":"214","author":"Ottonello","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2230221","article-title":"Conformational changes induced in bovine lens alpha-crystallin by carbamylation. Relevance to cataract","volume":"223","author":"Beswick","year":"1984","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2011.3999","article-title":"Superoxide dismutases: Role in redox signaling, vascular function, and diseases","volume":"15","author":"Fukai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(90)90127-G","article-title":"Glutathione and its function in the lens-an overview","volume":"50","author":"Reddy","year":"1990","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1080\/15216540252774748","article-title":"Peroxiredoxin, a novel family of peroxidases","volume":"52","author":"Rhee","year":"2001","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1997.0336","article-title":"Microperoxidases catalytically degrade reactive oxygen species and may be anti-cataract agents","volume":"65","author":"Spector","year":"1997","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2008.08.006","article-title":"Glutathione: Overview of its protective roles, measurement, and biosynthesis","volume":"30","author":"Forman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Aspects Med."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2012.03.009","article-title":"Consequences of oxidative stress in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"33","author":"Jarrett","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Aspects Med."},{"key":"ref_103","first-page":"396","article-title":"Role of anti-oxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase in the development of cataract: Study of serum levels in patients with senile and diabetic cataracts","volume":"104","author":"Maurya","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Indian Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9120(01)00284-3","article-title":"Lens superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in diabetic cataract","volume":"35","author":"Ozmen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-6374(88)90080-2","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation as a possible cause of cataract","volume":"44","author":"Babizhayev","year":"1988","journal-title":"Mech. Age Dev."},{"key":"ref_106","first-page":"1303","article-title":"The oxidative stress in the cataract formation","volume":"99","author":"Obara","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nippon-Ganka-Gakkai-Zasshi"},{"key":"ref_107","first-page":"743","article-title":"The role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"66","author":"Yildirim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-011-0350-8","article-title":"Changes in blood oxidative and antioxidant parameters in a group of Chinese patients with age-related macular degeneration","volume":"16","author":"Shen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03324965","article-title":"Serum superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde levels in a group of Chinese patients with age-related macular degeneration","volume":"23","author":"Jia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365046","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/365046","article-title":"Superoxide dismutase1 levels in North Indian population with age-related macular degeneration","volume":"2013","author":"Anand","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2014.01.002","article-title":"Epigallocatechin gallate supplementation protects against renal injury induced by fluoride intoxication in rats: Role of Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling","volume":"1","author":"Thangapandiyan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-012-9438-2","article-title":"Curcumin-supplemented diets increase superoxide dismutase activity and mean lifespan in Drosophila","volume":"35","author":"Shen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Age (Dordr.)"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-017-0100-7","article-title":"Curcumin-supplemented diets improve antioxidant enzymes and alter acetylcholinesterase genes expression level in Drosophila melanogaster model","volume":"33","author":"Akinyemi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-011-0495-5","article-title":"Cytoprotective effects of curcumin on sodium fluoride-induced intoxication in rat erythrocytes","volume":"88","author":"Nabavi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20150223","article-title":"Tea and Risk of Age-Related Cataracts: A Cross-Sectional Study in Zhejiang Province, China","volume":"26","author":"Sheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4143","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6294","article-title":"Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss in Superoxide Dismutase 1 Deficiency","volume":"52","author":"Yuki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01034","article-title":"The harlequin mouse mutation downregulates apoptosis-inducing factor","volume":"419","author":"Klein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2006.07.003","article-title":"Oxidative stress in glaucomatous neurodegeneration: Mechanisms and consequences","volume":"25","author":"Tezel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4904","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1327.2000.01595.x","article-title":"Glutathione, oxidative stress and neurodegeneration","volume":"267","author":"Schulz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-0777","article-title":"Systemic reduction in glutathione levels occurs in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma","volume":"46","author":"Gherghel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_121","first-page":"48","article-title":"Oxidation and cataract","volume":"106","author":"Spector","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ciba Found Symp."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Q., Pogwizd, S.M., Prabhu, S.D., and Zhou, L. (2014). Inhibiting Na+\/K+ ATPase can impair mitochondrial energetics and induce abnormal Ca2+ cycling and automaticity in guinea pig cardiomyocytes. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093928"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5545.192023","article-title":"Role of membrane cholesterol and lipid peroxidation in regulating the Na+\/K+-ATPase activity in schizophrenia","volume":"58","author":"Roy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-012-1331-x","article-title":"Ouabain-stimulated trafficking regulation of the Na\/K-ATPase and NHE3 in renal proximal tubule cells","volume":"367","author":"Yan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2004.06.003","article-title":"Expression, regulation and function of Na,K-ATPase in the lens","volume":"23","author":"Delamere","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1076\/ceyr.16.8.832.8980","article-title":"Effect of pretreatment of germanium-1322 on NaC,KC-ATPase and galactose cataracts","volume":"16","author":"Unakar","year":"1997","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1994.1009","article-title":"A physiological level of ascorbate inhibits galactose cataract in guinea pigs by decreasing polyol accumulation in the lens epithelium: A dehydroascorbate-linked mechanism","volume":"58","author":"Yokoyama","year":"1994","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000265343","article-title":"Studies on cataractogenesis in humans and rats with Alloxan-induced diabetes","volume":"17","author":"Ahmad","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ophthalm. Res."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(81)90052-3","article-title":"Lipid composition and(NaC C KC)-ATPase activity in rat lens during triparanol-induced cataract formation","volume":"644","author":"Mizuno","year":"1981","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2014.08.025","article-title":"Loss of Na+\/K+-ATPase in Drosophila photoreceptors leads to blindness and age-dependent neurodegeneration","volume":"261","author":"Luan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_131","first-page":"1656","article-title":"Astaxanthin protects ARPE-19 cells from oxidative stress via upregulation of Nrf2-regulated phase II enzymes through activation of PI3K\/Akt","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4408","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.7.4408","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide-induced heme oxygenase-1 expression in human monocytic cells is mediated via Nrf2 and protein kinase C","volume":"175","author":"Rushworth","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10021","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.277145","article-title":"Nrf2-dependent induction of proteasome and Pa28\u03b1\u03b2 regulator are required for adaptation to oxidative stress","volume":"287","author":"Pickering","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12645","article-title":"Nrf2 as a target for prevention of age-related and diabetic cataracts by against oxidative stress","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aging Cell."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5033","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-9729","article-title":"SERPINA3K protects against oxidative stress via modulating ROS generation\/degradation and KEAP1-NRF2 pathway in the corneal epithelium","volume":"53","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-17121-0_10","article-title":"Oxidative Stress and the Nrf2 Anti-Oxidant Transcription Factor in Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"854","author":"Lambros","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-015-0708-1","article-title":"Serum Response Factor Protects Retinal Ganglion Cells Against High-Glucose Damage","volume":"59","author":"Cao","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-015-0452-z","article-title":"Monomethyl fumarate promotes Nrf2-dependent neuroprotection in retinal ischemia-reperfusion","volume":"12","author":"Cho","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, Z., Chen, Y., Wang, J., Sternberg, P., Freeman, M.L., Grossniklaus, H.E., and Cai, J. (2011). Age-Related Retinopathy in NRF2-Deficient Mice. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019456"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3474","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.6.3474","article-title":"Curcumin blocks cytokine-mediated NF-kappa B activation and proinflammatory gene expression by inhibiting inhibitory factor I-kappa B kinase activity","volume":"163","author":"Jobin","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.12.040194.001041","article-title":"Function and activation of NF-\u03baB in the immune system","volume":"12","author":"Baeuerle","year":"1994","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199704103361506","article-title":"Nuclear factor-\u03baB, a pivotal transcription factor in chronic inflammatory diseases","volume":"336","author":"Barnes","year":"1997","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6853","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1203239","article-title":"Activators and target genes of Rel\/NF-kappaB transcription factors","volume":"18","author":"Pahl","year":"1999","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2005.09.012","article-title":"Corneal NF-\u03baB activity is necessary for the retention of transparency in the cornea of UV-B-exposed transgenic reporter mice","volume":"82","author":"Alexander","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.107037","article-title":"Inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B activation attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity in human lens epithelial cells","volume":"91","author":"Jin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-016-2147-8","article-title":"Inflammation and its role in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"73","author":"Kauppinen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_147","first-page":"3652","article-title":"TREM2 (chr6p21.1) and CFH (chr1q32) regulation by NF-kB-sensitive miRNAs in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD)","volume":"54","author":"Lukiw","year":"2013","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_148","first-page":"415","article-title":"NFkB signaling in retinal glia mediates progressive neural degeneration and vision decline in glaucoma","volume":"54","author":"Lupien","year":"2013","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4870","article-title":"Activating the AKT2-nuclear factor-\u03baB-lipocalin-2 axis elicits an inflammatory response in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"241","author":"Ghosh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.134.1.13","article-title":"Bcl-2 down-regulates the activity of transcription factor NF-kB induced upon apoptosis","volume":"134","author":"Grimm","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1177\/088307380101600610","article-title":"Evidence for apoptosis in the fetal Down syndrome brain","volume":"16","author":"Seidl","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Child Neurol."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddg015","article-title":"ETS2 overexpression in transgenic models and in Down syndrome predisposes to apoptosis via the p53 pathway","volume":"12","author":"Wolvetang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zampieri, B.L., Biselli-P\u00e9rico, J.M., de Souza, J.E., B\u00fcrger, M.C., Silva J\u00fanior, W.A., Goloni-Bertollo, E.M., and Pavarino, E.C. (2014). Altered Expression of Immune-Related Genes in Children with Down Syndrome. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107218"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(00)00988-4","article-title":"Cortical Bcl-2 Protein Expression and Apoptotic Regulation in Schizophrenia","volume":"48","author":"Gilmore","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1177\/039463200501800403","article-title":"Relationship between reduced BCL-2 expression in circulating mononuclear cells and early nephropathy in type 1 diabetes","volume":"18","author":"Cipollone","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2276","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2008.21","article-title":"The FoxO code","volume":"27","author":"Calnan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2190","article-title":"Stressing the role of FoxO proteins in lifespan and disease","volume":"8","author":"Burgering","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01036","article-title":"Forkhead transcription factor FOXO3a protects quiescent cells from oxidative stress","volume":"419","author":"Kops","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1069004","article-title":"Redox regulation of forkhead proteins through a p66shc-dependent signaling pathway","volume":"295","author":"Nemoto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32703","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.605196","article-title":"High Glucose Forces a Positive Feedback Loop Connecting Akt Kinase and FoxO1 Transcription Factor to Activate mTORC1 Kinase for Mesangial Cell Hypertrophy and Matrix Protein Expression","volume":"289","author":"Das","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_161","first-page":"4590","article-title":"FOXO Protein Expression is Down-Regulated With Aging in the Lens","volume":"51","author":"Huang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2017.83","article-title":"The role of IL-6 in host defence against infections: Immunobiology and clinical implications","volume":"13","author":"Winthrop","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-013-2488-z","article-title":"The role of intratumoral and systemic IL-6 in breast cancer","volume":"138","author":"Dethlefsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1917","article-title":"Interleukin-6 and chronic inflammation","volume":"8","author":"Gabay","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, W., Lin, H., Zhong, X., Liu, Z., Geng, Y., Xie, C., and Chen, W. (2014). Discrepant expression of cytokines in inflammation- and age-related cataract patients. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0109647"},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.09.024","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokine alterations in schizophrenia: A systematic quantitative review","volume":"63","author":"Potvin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2008.12.016","article-title":"Immune involvement in schizophrenia and autism: Etiology, pathology and animal models","volume":"204","author":"Patterson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_168","first-page":"4196","article-title":"Subcutaneous adipose tissue releases interleukin-6, but not tumor necrosis factor-alpha, in vivo","volume":"82","author":"Goodrick","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.3.6355","article-title":"Hormone replacement therapy and interrelation between serum interleukin-6 and body mass index in postmenopausal women","volume":"85","author":"Straub","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.3.7305","article-title":"Circulating interleukin 6 levels, blood pressure, and insulin sensitivity in apparently healthy men and women","volume":"86","author":"Vayreda","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s005920050147","article-title":"Circulating levels of interleukin-6, its soluble receptor and interleukin-6\/interleukin-6 receptor complexes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"36","author":"Kado","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250050822","article-title":"NIDDM as a disease of the innate immune system: Association of acute-phase reactants and interleukin-6 with metabolic syndrome X","volume":"40","author":"Pickup","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_173","first-page":"351","article-title":"Activity of Paraoxonase 1 and Lipid Profile in Healthy Children","volume":"56","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2008.02.012","article-title":"Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) attenuates diabetes development in mice through its antioxidative properties","volume":"44","author":"Rozenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Free Rad. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_175","first-page":"532","article-title":"The antioxidant HDL-associated paraoxonase-1 (PON1) attenuates diabetes development and stimulates \u03b2-cell insulin release","volume":"219","author":"Aviram","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1159\/000089269","article-title":"Serum paraoxonase 1 activity and lipid peroxidation levels in patients with age-related macular degeneration","volume":"220","author":"Baskol","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.217.17","article-title":"Decreased serum paraoxonase 1 activity and increased serum homocysteine and malondialdehyde levels in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"217","author":"Ates","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tohoku J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31822529b1","article-title":"Serum paraoxonase phenotype distribution in exudative age-related macular degeneration and its relationship to homocysteine and oxidized low-density lipoprotein","volume":"32","author":"Javadzadeh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2007.03.015","article-title":"Assessment of paraoxonase activity and lipid peroxidation levels in diabetic and senile subjects suffering from cataract","volume":"40","author":"Hashim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06397.x","article-title":"Multifunctional roles of enolase in Alzheimer\u2019s disease brain: Beyond altered glucose metabolism","volume":"111","author":"Butterfield","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_181","first-page":"384","article-title":"Isolation and crystallization of enolase","volume":"310","author":"Warburg","year":"1942","journal-title":"Biochem. Z."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1159\/000259782","article-title":"The Inhibition of Enolase by Fluoride in vitro","volume":"6","author":"Cimasoni","year":"1972","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1021\/bi051558s","article-title":"Fluoride inhibition of enolase: Crystal structure and thermodynamics","volume":"45","author":"Qin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1080\/14756360802187679","article-title":"Inhibition of human muscle-specific enolase by methylglyoxal and irreversible formation of advanced glycation end products","volume":"24","author":"Pietkiewicz","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250050657","article-title":"Toxic action of advanced glycation end products on cultured retinal capillary pericytes and endothelial cells: Revelance to diabetic retinopathy","volume":"40","author":"Chibber","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00731255","article-title":"Glycation of human lens proteins from diabetic and nondiabetic senile cataract patients","volume":"12","author":"Duhaiman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Glycoconj. J."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2015.01.007","article-title":"Activation of the AGE\/RAGE system in the brains of rats and in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to high level of fluoride might connect to oxidative stress","volume":"48","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2729","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.107.6.2729","article-title":"\u03c4-Crystallin\/\u03b1-enolase: One gene encodes both an enzyme and a lens structural protein","volume":"107","author":"Wistow","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1038\/315688a0","article-title":"Yeast heat-shock protein of Mr 48,000 is an isoprotein of enolase","volume":"315","author":"Iida","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27752","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.46.27752","article-title":"Non-neuronal enolase is an endothelial hypoxic stress protein","volume":"270","author":"Aaronson","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5958","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.8.5958","article-title":"Structural analysis of \u03b1-enolase. Mapping the functional domains involved in down-regulation of the c-myc protooncogene","volume":"275","author":"Subramanian","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/43.4.492","article-title":"Gene Sharing, Lens Crystallins and Speculations on an Eye\/Ear Evolutionary Relationship","volume":"43","author":"Piatigorsky","year":"2003","journal-title":"Integr. Comp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2014.11.002","article-title":"\u03b2A3\/A1-crystallin: More than a lens protein","volume":"44","author":"Zigler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_194","first-page":"479571","article-title":"Heat shock proteins in the human eye","volume":"2010","author":"Urbak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.1168","article-title":"Heat shock proteins of chicken lens","volume":"82","author":"Bagchi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_196","first-page":"2130","article-title":"Regulated heat shock protein 27 expression in human retinal pigment epithelium","volume":"42","author":"Strunnikova","year":"2001","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5011","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200800380","article-title":"Identification of proteins that modify cataract of mouse eye lens","volume":"8","author":"Hoehenwarter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.18869\/acadpub.ismj.19.6.931","article-title":"Association of HSP70-2 Gene 1267A\/G Polymorphism with Cataract Incidence Among Guilan Population","volume":"19","author":"Salehi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Iran South Med. J."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1007\/s12192-013-0420-4","article-title":"Genetic polymorphisms of HSP70 in age-related cataract","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Stress Chaperones."},{"key":"ref_200","first-page":"18","article-title":"Association of eNOS and HSP70 gene polymorphisms with glaucoma in Pakistani cohorts","volume":"16","author":"Ayub","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.115.3.813","article-title":"Contrasting patterns of c-myc and N-myc expression in proliferating, quiescent, and differentiating cells of the embryonic chicken lens","volume":"115","author":"Harris","year":"1992","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cavalheiro, G.R., Matos-Rodrigues, G.E., Gomes, A.L., Rodrigues, P.M.G., and Martins, R.A.P. (2014). c-myc Regulates Cell Proliferation during Lens Development. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087182"},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2701","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.184000","article-title":"Pax6 activity in the lens primordium is required for lens formation and for correct placement of a single retina in the eye","volume":"14","author":"Marquardt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1007\/s12192-017-0801-1","article-title":"Differential expression of myocardial heat shock proteins in rats acutely exposed to fluoride","volume":"22","author":"Panneerselvam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Stress Chaperones."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.06.030","article-title":"Fluoride exposure changed the structure and the expressions of HSP related genes in testes of pubertal rats","volume":"184","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-010-0588-7","article-title":"Fluoride-induced histopathology and synthesis of stress protein in liver and kidney of mice","volume":"85","author":"Chattopadhyay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.2131\/jts.34.399","article-title":"Selenium increases expression of HSP70 and antioxidant enzymes to lessen oxidative damage in Fincoal-type fluorosis","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_208","unstructured":"Waugh, D.T. (2019). Molecular Mechanisms of Fluoride inhibition of Na+, K+-ATPase activity: Implications for Public Health and Health Inequalities. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, in press."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0926-6585(66)90288-3","article-title":"The effect of anions on (Na+ + K+)-activated. ATPase","volume":"120","author":"Opit","year":"1966","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(68)90021-7","article-title":"Irreversible inactivation of (Na+-K+)-dependent ATPase and K+-dependent phosphatase by fluoride","volume":"150","author":"Yoshida","year":"1968","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.60.3.337","article-title":"The Role of Oxidized Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide in Fluoride Inhibition of Active Sodium Transport in Human Erythrocytes","volume":"60","author":"Millman","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Gen. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00743148","article-title":"Fluoride and beryllium interact with the (Na + Kbdependent ATPase as analogs of phosphate","volume":"18","author":"Robinson","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Bioenergy Biomembr."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16995","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)41883-2","article-title":"Inhibition of the Na\/K-ATPase by fluoride. Parallels with its inhibition of the sarcoplasmic reticulum CaATPase","volume":"267","author":"Murphy","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.108.1.241","article-title":"Inhibition of Maize Root H+-ATPase by Fluoride and Fluoroaluminate Complexes","volume":"108","year":"1995","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-8329(90)90067-M","article-title":"Inhibition of (Na+,K+)-ATPase by fluoride: Evidence for a membrane adaptation to ethanol","volume":"7","author":"Swann","year":"1990","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.18.273","article-title":"Effect of fluoride on the activities of the Na+\/glucose cotransporter and Na+\/K(+)-ATPase in brush border and basolateral membranes of rat kidney (in vitro and in vivo)","volume":"18","author":"Suketa","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_217","first-page":"46","article-title":"Effect of fluoride and insulin on cation-dependent ATPase activity of the enterocytes during threonine absorption","volume":"28","author":"Iukhnovets","year":"1982","journal-title":"Vopr. Med. Khim."},{"key":"ref_218","first-page":"95","article-title":"Effects of Fluoride on Growth and Thyroid Function in Young Pigs","volume":"39","author":"Zhan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fluoride"},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-014-0108-3","article-title":"Ameliorative effect of resveratrol against fluoride-induced alteration of thyroid function in male wistar rats","volume":"162","author":"Sarkar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.7439\/ijbr.v6i9.2382","article-title":"Effects of sub-acute fluoride exposure on discrete regions of rat brain associated with thyroid dysfunction: A comparative study","volume":"6","author":"Sarkar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Biomed. Res."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2017.05.036","article-title":"Alteration of paraoxonase, arylesterase and lactonase activities in people around fluoride endemic area of Tamil Nadu, India","volume":"471","author":"Arulkumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-015-0349-9","article-title":"Inhibitory Effect of Fluoride on Na+,K+ ATPase Activity in Human Erythrocyte Membrane","volume":"168","author":"Shashi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2010.04.009","article-title":"Advanced glycation end products inhibit Na+ K+ ATPase in proximal tubule epithelial cells: Role of cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase gamma","volume":"1803","author":"Gallicchio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjr.2015.07.005","article-title":"Epigallocatechin gallate exacerbates fluoride-induced oxidative stress mediated testicular toxicity in rats through the activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway","volume":"4","author":"Thangapandiyan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian Pacif. J. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10461","DOI":"10.1021\/bi052483v","article-title":"Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase-glutathione synthetase: Domain structure and identification of residues important in substrate and glutathione binding","volume":"45","author":"Janowiak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.09.012","article-title":"Role of gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) gene expression as marker of drug sensitivity in acute myeloid leukemias","volume":"365","author":"Carnicer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3379","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-1515","article-title":"Heme oxygenase-1 induction attenuates corneal inflammation and accelerates wound healing after epithelial injury","volume":"49","author":"Patil","year":"2008","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115847","article-title":"Induction of heme oxygenase is a rapid, protective response in rhabdomyolysis in the rat","volume":"90","author":"Nath","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.15.1.8679227","article-title":"Heme Oxygenase-1: Function, Regulation, and Implication of a Novel Stress-inducible Protein in Oxidant-induced Lung Injury","volume":"15","author":"Choi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.060555","article-title":"Heme oxygenase-2 is a critical determinant for execution of an acute inflammatory and reparative response","volume":"169","author":"Seta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-004-0225-7","article-title":"Simultaneous exposure of excess fluoride and calcium deficiency alters VDR, CaR, and calbindin D 9 k mRNA levels in rat duodenal mucosa","volume":"75","author":"Tiwari","year":"2004","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E315","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00590.2005","article-title":"Increased NF-kappaB activity in fibroblasts lacking the vitamin D receptor","volume":"291","author":"Sun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_233","first-page":"297","article-title":"Sodium fluoride enhancement of monocyte differentiation via nuclear factor \u03baB mechanism","volume":"38","author":"Stachowska","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fluoride"},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2010.06.002","article-title":"Comparative study of p38 MAPK signal transduction pathway of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with coal-combustion-type fluorosis with and without high hair selenium levels","volume":"213","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.06.035","article-title":"Regulation of LPS-induced mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines via alteration of NF-\u03baB activity in mouse peritoneal macrophages exposed to fluoride","volume":"161","author":"Tian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-9255-4-23","article-title":"Modulation of LPS stimulated NF-kappaB mediated Nitric Oxide production by PKC\u03b5 and JAK2 in RAW macrophages","volume":"4","author":"Jones","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. (Lond.)"},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80192","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.19006","article-title":"Sodium fluoride induces renal inflammatory responses by activating NF-\u03baB signaling pathway and reducing anti-inflammatory cytokine expression in mice","volume":"8","author":"Luo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S69646","article-title":"Differential NF-\u03baB and MAPK activation underlies fluoride- and TPA-mediated CXCL8 (IL-8) induction in lung epithelial cells","volume":"7","author":"Refsnes","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114428","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.22826","article-title":"Sodium fluoride induces apoptosis in mouse splenocytes by activating ROS-dependent NF-\u03baB signalling","volume":"8","author":"Deng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2008.03.002","article-title":"Effects of fluoride on DNA damage, S-phase cell-cycle arrest and the expression of NF-kappaB in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons","volume":"179","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2010.02.017","article-title":"Effect of fluoride on calcium ion concentration and expression of nuclear transcription factor kappa-B \u03c165 in rat hippocampus","volume":"63","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.71.3.487","article-title":"Beryllium fluoride-induced cell proliferation: A process requiring P21(ras)-dependent activated signal transduction and NF-kappaB-dependent gene regulation","volume":"71","author":"Misra","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41936-018-0020-z","article-title":"A mechanism underlying the neurotoxicity induced by sodium fluoride and its reversal by epigallocatechin gallate in the rat hippocampus: Involvement of NrF2\/Keap-1 signaling pathway","volume":"79","author":"Shanmugam","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Basic Appl. Zool."},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4449","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-015-9380-2","article-title":"Fluoride-Induced Neuron Apoptosis and Expressions of Inflammatory Factors by Activating Microglia in Rat Brain","volume":"53","author":"Yan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-016-0850-9","article-title":"Effects of Different Levels of Calcium Intake on Brain Cell Apoptosis in Fluorosis Rat Offspring and Its Molecular Mechanism","volume":"176","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_246","first-page":"135","article-title":"Effects of chronic fluorosis on CAMKII\u03b1, C-FOS, BAX, and BCL-2 channel signalling in the Hippocampus of Rats","volume":"46","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fluoride"},{"key":"ref_247","first-page":"246","article-title":"Expression of proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-jun in osteoblasts activated by excessive fluoride","volume":"37","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-017-1098-8","article-title":"The Effect of Chronic Fluorosis on Calcium Ions and CaMKII\u03b1, and c-fos Expression in the Rat Hippocampus","volume":"182","author":"Teng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poche, R.A., Sharma, R., Garcia, M.D., Wada, A.M., Nolte, M.J., Udan, R.S., Paik, J.H., DePinho, R.A., Bartlett, J.D., and Dickinson, M.E. (2012). Transcription factor FoxO1 is essential for enamel biomineralization. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030357"},{"key":"ref_250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.12148","article-title":"Excessive fluoride reduces Foxo1 expression in dental epithelial cells of the rat incisor","volume":"122","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-017-1015-1","article-title":"Foxo1 attenuates NaF-induced apoptosis of LS8 cells through the JNK and mitochondrial pathways","volume":"181","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-018-1325-y","article-title":"NaF Reduces KLK4 Gene Expression by Decreasing Foxo1 in LS8 Cells","volume":"186","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_253","first-page":"195","article-title":"Screening of Environmental Response Genes Related To Dental Fluorosis","volume":"39","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fluoride"},{"key":"ref_254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114401","article-title":"Role of lymphotoxin in expression of interleukin 6 in human fibroblasts. Stimulation and regulation","volume":"85","author":"Akashi","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1191\/096032799678839572","article-title":"Fluoride-induced interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 synthesis in human epithelial lung cells","volume":"18","author":"Refsnes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.2478\/10004-1254-64-2013-2351","article-title":"Oxidative indices correlate with dyslipidemia and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in fluoride-exposed rats","volume":"64","author":"Afolabi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arh. Hig. Rada Toksikol."},{"key":"ref_257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-012-0803-9","article-title":"Inflammatory responses induced by fluoride and arsenic at toxic concentration in rabbit aorta","volume":"86","author":"Ma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(99)00280-5","article-title":"Role of signal transduction pathways in lung inflammatory responses","volume":"112\u2013113","author":"Schwarze","year":"2000","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1474","article-title":"Fluoride-induced changes in haem biosynthesis pathway, neurological variables and tissue histopathology of rats","volume":"30","author":"Chouhan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(82)90129-7","article-title":"The effects of fluoridated water on rat urine and tissue cAMP levels","volume":"27","author":"Kleiner","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"ref_261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-015-0263-1","article-title":"Hepatotoxicity Induced by Subchronic Exposure of Fluoride and Chlorpyrifos in Wistar Rats: Mitigating Effect of Ascorbic Acid","volume":"166","author":"Raina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_262","first-page":"73","article-title":"Toxic effects of fluoride and chlorpyrifos on antioxidant parameters in rats: Protective effects of vitamins C and E","volume":"46","author":"Baba","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fluoride"},{"key":"ref_263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0946-672X(03)80047-0","article-title":"Activity of pancreatic antioxidative enzymes and malondialdehyde concentrations in rats with hyperglycemia caused by fluoride intoxication","volume":"17","author":"Chlubek","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_264","first-page":"265","article-title":"The binding of fluoride ion to bovine cuprozinc superoxide dismutase as studied by 19F magnetic relaxation","volume":"34","author":"Viglino","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Magn. Resonance"},{"key":"ref_265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00237a014","article-title":"Azide and fluoride binding to E. coli iron superoxide dismutase as studied by solvent proton magnetic relaxation dispersion","volume":"109","author":"Dooley","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233711428641","article-title":"Evaluation of total oxidative status and total antioxidant capacity in patients with endemic fluorosis","volume":"29","author":"Varol","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol. Ind. Health"},{"key":"ref_267","first-page":"42","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme status of adult males with skeletal fluorosis in Andhra Pradesh, India","volume":"40","author":"Kalyanalakshmi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fluoride"},{"key":"ref_268","first-page":"231","article-title":"Antioxidant defense systems in red blood cell lysates of men with dental fluorosis living in Tamil Nadu, India","volume":"39","author":"Shanthakumari","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fluoride"},{"key":"ref_269","first-page":"639","article-title":"Red cell membrane alterations in human chronic fluoride toxicity","volume":"23","author":"Kumari","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biochem. Int."},{"key":"ref_270","first-page":"108","article-title":"Oxidative stress in children with endemic skeletal fluorosis","volume":"34","author":"Shivarajashankara","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fluoride"},{"key":"ref_271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfg030","article-title":"Antioxidant defense system and lipid peroxidation in patients with skeletal fluorosis and in fluoride-intoxicated rabbits","volume":"72","author":"Reddy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_272","first-page":"79","article-title":"Salivary Glutathione-Dependent Enzymes in Patients with Dental Fluorosis Treated by Complex Antioxidant Therapy","volume":"16","author":"Gavriliuc","year":"2012","journal-title":"Balk J. Stom"},{"key":"ref_273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9136(199802)15:2<160::AID-DIA537>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes mellitus and Down\u2019s syndrome: Prevalence, management and diabetic complications","volume":"15","author":"Anwar","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabet. Med."},{"key":"ref_274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-006-0231-6","article-title":"Increased prevalence of Down\u2019s syndrome in individuals with type 1 diabetes in Denmark: A nationwide population-based study","volume":"49","author":"Bergholdt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_275","first-page":"77","article-title":"Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in adults with Down\u2019s syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Prasher","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073811405201","article-title":"Down\u2019s syndrome and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)","volume":"26","author":"Ekstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Child Neurol."},{"key":"ref_277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1097\/YPG.0b013e32835fe426","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental and psychiatric issues in Down\u2019s syndrome: Assessment and intervention","volume":"23","author":"Vicari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Genet."},{"key":"ref_278","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s11689-015-9101-1","article-title":"Psychiatric disorders in adolescents and young adults with Down\u2019s syndrome and other intellectual disabilities","volume":"7","author":"Dykens","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurodev. Disord."},{"key":"ref_279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/jppi.12156","article-title":"Psychiatric Conditions Prevalent Among Adults with Down\u2019s syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Havercamp","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pol. Pract. Intellect. Disabil."},{"key":"ref_280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13217","article-title":"Prevalence of autism and attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder in Down\u2019s syndrome: A population-based study","volume":"59","author":"Oxelgren","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"key":"ref_281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S64","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.184.47.s64","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus and schizophrenia: Historical perspective","volume":"47","author":"Kohen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry Suppl."},{"key":"ref_282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033504","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of diabetes in national schizophrenia samples","volume":"26","author":"Dixon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"ref_283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-0179-2-11","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetes, metabolic syndrome and metabolic abnormalities in schizophrenia over the course of the illness: A cross-sectional study","volume":"2","author":"Hanssens","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Pract. Epidemol. Ment. Health"},{"key":"ref_284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013234708757","article-title":"Dysregulation of Reelin and Bcl-2 proteins in autistic cerebellum","volume":"31","author":"Fatemi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Autism. Dev. Disord."},{"key":"ref_285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200104170-00013","article-title":"Reduction in anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in autistic cerebellum","volume":"12","author":"Fatemi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref_286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1023\/B:CEMN.0000005322.27203.73","article-title":"Levels of Bcl-2 and P53 are altered in superior frontal and cerebellar cortices of autistic subjects","volume":"23","author":"Fatemi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_287","first-page":"71","article-title":"Eye damage in workers with fluorine intoxication","volume":"2","year":"1973","journal-title":"Vestn. Oftalmol."},{"key":"ref_288","first-page":"9","article-title":"Evaluation of the visual system in peoplehaving extended contact with fluorine","volume":"91","author":"Karczewicz","year":"1989","journal-title":"Klin. Oczna"},{"key":"ref_289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.79.6.765","article-title":"The association of age-related macular degeneration and lens opacities in the aged","volume":"79","author":"Liu","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2478(00)00200-5","article-title":"Pulmonary function changes and increased Th-2 cytokine expression and nuclear factor kB activation in the lung after sensitization and allergen challenge in brown Norway rats","volume":"73","author":"Lin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3109\/15419061.2013.775257","article-title":"Role of Transcription Factors in the Pathogenesis of Asthma and COPD","volume":"20","author":"Caramori","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Adhes."},{"key":"ref_292","first-page":"1141","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory inhibitors of IkappaB kinase in asthma and COPD","volume":"5","author":"Caramori","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Investig. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_293","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2008.09.003","article-title":"Targeting the NF-kappaB pathway in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"121","author":"Edwards","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2010.03.005","article-title":"Modulation of age-related NF-kappaB activation by dietary zingerone via MAPK pathway","volume":"45","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naik, U.S., Gangadharan, C., Abbagani, K., Nagalla, B., Dasari, N., and Manna, S.K. (2011). A study of nuclear transcription factor-kappa B in childhood autism. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019488"},{"key":"ref_296","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2011.00027","article-title":"Aberrant NF-kappaB expression in autism spectrum condition: A mechanism for neuroinflammation","volume":"2","author":"Young","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref_297","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.4236\/ojmip.2015.51002","article-title":"Nuclear Factor-Kappa B and Other Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Serum of Autistic Children","volume":"5","author":"Youness","year":"2015","journal-title":"Open J. Mol. Integr. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_298","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1517\/14728222.2011.571212","article-title":"Nuclear factor kappa B may increase insight into the management of neuroinflammation and excitotoxicity in autism","volume":"15","author":"Ghanizadeh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Ther. Targets"},{"key":"ref_299","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4477","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-9967-2","article-title":"Regulation of set gene expression by NF- \u03baB","volume":"54","author":"Feng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(19980901)53:5<583::AID-JNR8>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"Strong nuclear factor-\u03baB-DNA binding parallels cyclooxygenase-2 gene transcription in aging and in sporadic Alzheimer\u2019s disease superior temporal lobe neocortex","volume":"53","author":"Lukiw","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2849","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199709080-00009","article-title":"Nuclear translocation of NF-\u03baB in cholinergic neurons of patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"8","author":"Boissiere","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref_302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)91779-5","article-title":"Expression of the receptor for macrophage colony stimulating factor by brain microglia and its upregulation in brains of patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"639","author":"Akiyama","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7531","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.14.7531","article-title":"Nuclear translocation of NF-\u03baB is increased in dopaminergic neurons of patients with Parkinson disease","volume":"94","author":"Hunot","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2005.06.004","article-title":"Microglia and inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration: Multiple triggers with a common mechanism","volume":"76","author":"Block","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65456-9","article-title":"Activation of NF-\u03baB and c-jun transcription factors in multiple sclerosis lesions. Implications for oligodendrocyte pathology","volume":"155","author":"Bonetti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.02.016","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying inflammation in neurodegeneration","volume":"140","author":"Glass","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_307","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-007-0791-6","article-title":"Association analysis of heat shock protein 70 gene polymorphisms in schizophrenia","volume":"258","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_308","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s12192-013-0446-7","article-title":"Heat shock protein 70 gene polymorphisms are associated with paranoid schizophrenia in the Polish population","volume":"19","author":"Kowalczyk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Stress Chaperones"},{"key":"ref_309","first-page":"265","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in autism spectrum disorders","volume":"9","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.1999.00859.x","article-title":"Analysis of hsp70 gene polymorphism in allergic asthma","volume":"54","author":"Aron","year":"1999","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1007\/s12192-011-0278-2","article-title":"Increased heat shock protein 70 levels in induced sputum and plasma correlate with severity of asthma patients","volume":"16","author":"Hou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Stress Chaperones"},{"key":"ref_312","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI2465","article-title":"Enhanced expression of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) and heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) activation in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue. Differential regulation of hsp70 expression and hsf1 activation in synovial fibroblasts by proinflammatory cytokines, shear stress, and antiinflammatory drugs","volume":"102","author":"Schett","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_313","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s12192-008-0036-2","article-title":"Release of heat shock protein 70 and the effects of extracellular heat shock protein 70 on the production of IL-10 in fibroblast-like synoviocytes","volume":"13","author":"Luo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Stress Chaperones"},{"key":"ref_314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/s12192-015-0578-z","article-title":"Analysis of serum heat shock protein 70 (HSPA1A) concentrations for diagnosis and disease activity monitoring in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"20","author":"Najafizadeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Stress Chaperones"},{"key":"ref_315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R130","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2797","article-title":"Downregulation of heat shock protein 70 protects rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes from nitric oxide-induced apoptosis","volume":"11","author":"Kang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s12192-009-0161-6","article-title":"HLA complex-linked heat shock protein genes and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia susceptibility","volume":"15","author":"Davis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Stress Chaperones"},{"key":"ref_317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/85.7.570","article-title":"Heat shock protein hsp70 in patients with axillary lymph node-negative breast cancer: Prognostic implications","volume":"85","author":"Ciocca","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2003.03011.x","article-title":"Differential, stage-dependent expression of Hsp70, Hsp110 and Bcl-2 in colorectal cancer","volume":"18","author":"Hwang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2005.20.5.829","article-title":"Expressions of HSP70 and HSP27 in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"20","author":"Joo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200500306","article-title":"Proteomic profiling of hepatocellular carcinoma in Chinese cohort reveals heat-shock proteins (Hsp27, Hsp70, GRP78) up-regulation and their associated prognostic values","volume":"6","author":"Luk","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"ref_321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00000858","article-title":"Identification of proteins in human prostate tumor material by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry","volume":"58","author":"Alaiya","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_322","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1379\/CSC-44R.1","article-title":"Expression of heat shock proteins and heat shock protein messenger ribonucleic acid in human prostate carcinoma in vitro and in tumors in vivo","volume":"10","author":"Tang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Stress Chaperones"},{"key":"ref_323","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5561","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v11.i35.5561","article-title":"Heat shock protein 70 chaperoned alpha-fetoprotein in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line BEL-7402","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_324","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6601944","article-title":"Protein expression patterns in primary carcinoma of the vagina","volume":"91","author":"Hellman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2836","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2011.5","article-title":"Heat shock protein Hsp72 plays an essential role in Her2-induced mammary tumorigenesis","volume":"30","author":"Meng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_326","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00690189","article-title":"Prognostic significance of heat-shock protein-27 in node-positive breast carcinoma: An immunohistochemical study","volume":"36","author":"Tetu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kang, S.H., Kang, K.W., Kim, K.H., Kwon, B., Kim, S.K., Lee, H.Y., Kong, S.Y., Lee, E.S., Jang, S.G., and Yoo, B.C. (2008). Upregulated HSP27 in human breast cancer cells reduces Herceptin susceptibility by increasing Her2 protein stability. BMC Cancer, 8.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-8-286"},{"key":"ref_328","first-page":"165","article-title":"HSP27 in patients with ovarian carcinoma: Still an independent prognostic indicator at 60 months follow-up","volume":"25","author":"Geisler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gynaecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_329","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giaginis, C., Daskalopoulou, S.S., Vgenopoulou, S., Sfiniadakis, I., Kouraklis, G., and Theocharis, S.E. (2009). Heat shock protein-27, -60 and -90 expression in gastric cancer: Association with clinicopathological variables and patient survival. BMC Gastroenterol., 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-9-14"},{"key":"ref_330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605227","article-title":"Hsp-27 expression at diagnosis predicts poor clinical outcome in prostate cancer independent of ETS-gene rearrangement","volume":"101","author":"Foster","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_331","first-page":"953","article-title":"Clinical significance of HSP27 expression in colorectal cancer","volume":"3","author":"Yu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_332","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2009.196626","article-title":"Low molecular weight heat shock protein HSP27 is a prognostic indicator in rectal cancer but not colon cancer","volume":"59","author":"Tweedle","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_333","first-page":"363","article-title":"Immunohistochemical tumour markers in endometrial carcinoma","volume":"26","author":"Ioachin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gynaecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_334","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(93)90361-D","article-title":"Hsp-27 has no diagnostic or prognostic significance in prostate or bladder cancers","volume":"42","author":"Storm","year":"1993","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref_335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1379\/CSC-99r.1","article-title":"Heat shock proteins in cancer: Diagnostic, prognostic, predictive, and treatment implications","volume":"10","author":"Ciocca","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Stress Chaperones."},{"key":"ref_336","first-page":"2848","article-title":"Prognostic value of CXCRCR4, adhesion molecules and heat shock proteins (HSP) in acute myelogenous leukemia","volume":"110","author":"Tavernier","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood (ASH Ann. Meet. Abstr.)"},{"key":"ref_337","first-page":"745","article-title":"Expression of heat shock proteins in brain tumors","volume":"24","author":"Alexiou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Turk. Neurosurg."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/16\/5\/856\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:37:28Z","timestamp":1760186248000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/16\/5\/856"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,8]]},"references-count":337,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph16050856"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph16050856","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,8]]}}}