{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T06:54:17Z","timestamp":1768978457670,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]],"date-time":"2019-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Early detection of dementia provides opportunities for interventions that could delay or prevent its progression. We developed the Japanese version of the Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment (Qmci-J) screen, which is a performance-based, easy-to-use, valid and reliable short cognitive screening instrument, and then we examined its validity. Community-dwelling adults aged 65\u201384 in Niigata prefecture, Japan, were concurrently administered the Qmci-J and the Japanese version of the standardized Mini-Mental State Examination (sMMSE-J). Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia were categorized using established and age-adjusted sMMSE-J cut-offs. The sample (n = 526) included 52 (9.9%) participants with suspected dementia, 123 (23.4%) with suspected MCI and 351 with likely normal cognition. The Qmci-J showed moderate positive correlation with the sMMSE-J (r = 0.49, p &lt; 0.001) and moderate discrimination for predicting suspected cognitive impairment (MCI\/dementia) based on sMMSE-J cut-offs, area under curve: 0.74, (95%CI: 0.70\u20130.79), improving to 0.76 (95%CI: 0.72 to 0.81) after adjusting for age. At a cut-off of 60\/61\/100, the Qmci-J had a 73% sensitivity, 68% specificity, 53% positive predictive value, and 83% negative predictive value for cognitive impairment. Normative data are presented, excluding those with any sMMSE-J &lt; 27. Though further research is required, the Qmci-J screen may be a useful screening tool to identify older adults at risk of cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16060917","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,15]],"date-time":"2019-03-15T04:12:09Z","timestamp":1552623129000},"page":"917","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Validity of the Japanese Version of the Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment Screen"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9764-6067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayako","family":"Morita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1499-673X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R\u00f3n\u00e1n","family":"O\u2019Caoimh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway City, Ireland"},{"name":"Centre for Gerontology and Rehabilitation, University College Cork, St Finbarrs Hospital, Douglas road, T12 XH60 Cork City, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Murayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Gerontology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7370-8630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D. William","family":"Molloy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway City, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1931-2613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shigeru","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yugo","family":"Shobugawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8122, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1074-3954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takeo","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association (2015). 2015 Alzheimer\u2019s disease facts and figures. Alzheimer\u2019s Dement., 11, 332\u2013384.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2015.02.003"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.07.150","article-title":"The worldwide costs of dementia 2015 and comparisons with 2010","volume":"13","author":"Wimo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2673","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31363-6","article-title":"Dementia prevention, intervention, and care","volume":"390","author":"Livingston","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60461-5","article-title":"A 2 year multidomain intervention of diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk monitoring versus control to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk elderly people (FINGER): A randomised controlled trial","volume":"385","author":"Ngandu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"815","article-title":"Non-Pharmacological Treatment in People With Cognitive Impairment","volume":"114","author":"Straubmeier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dtsch. \u00c4rzteblatt Int."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029857","article-title":"The natural history of cognitive decline in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"27","author":"Wilson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"\u201cMini-mental state\u201d: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"168","article-title":"Reexamination of the validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-J)","volume":"18","author":"Sugishita","year":"2016","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610211001190","article-title":"Validation of the revised Addenbrooke\u2019s Cognitive Examination (ACE-R) for detecting mild cognitive impairment and dementia in a Japanese population","volume":"24","author":"Yoshida","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. Psychogeriatr."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370204700803","article-title":"Brief screening tests for dementia","volume":"47","author":"Lorentz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Ministry of Health, Laour and Welfare (Japan) (2016). Patient\u2019s Behavior Survey; 2014."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.021055","article-title":"The seven minute screen: A neurocognitive screening test highly sensitive to various types of dementia","volume":"75","author":"Meulen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610214001082","article-title":"Cognitive screening for dementia in primary care: A systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Yokomizo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. Psychogeriatr."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JGP.0000216181.20416.b2","article-title":"What is the best dementia screening instrument for general practitioners to use?","volume":"14","author":"Brodaty","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/aft044","article-title":"Which part of the Quick mild cognitive impairment screen (Qmci) discriminates between normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment and dementia?","volume":"42","author":"Gao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afs059","article-title":"Comparison of the quick mild cognitive impairment (Qmci) screen and the SMMSE in screening for mild cognitive impairment","volume":"41","author":"Gao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bunt, S., O\u2019Caoimh, R., Krijnen, W.P., Molloy, D.W., Goodijk, G.P., van der Schans, C.P., and Hobbelen, H.J.S.M. (2015). Validation of the Dutch version of the quick mild cognitive impairment screen (Qmci-D). BMC Geriatr., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-015-0113-1"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317517691122","article-title":"Validation of the Turkish Version of the Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment Screen","volume":"32","author":"Yavuz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii13","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afx144.263","article-title":"Development of the Chinese Version of the Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment (Qmci-Cn) Screen","volume":"46","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iavarone, A., Carpinelli Mazzi, M., Russo, G., D\u2019Anna, F., Peluso, S., Mazzeo, P., De Luca, V., De Michele, G., Iaccarino, G., and Abete, P. (2018). The Italian version of the quick mild cognitive impairment (Qmci-I) screen: Normative study on 307 healthy subjects. Aging Clin. Exp. Res., 1\u20138.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-018-0981-2"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.93.4.635","article-title":"Primary care: Is there enough time for prevention?","volume":"93","author":"Yarnall","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150881","article-title":"Screening for Mild Cognitive Impairment: Comparison of \u201cMCI Specific\u201d Screening Instruments","volume":"51","author":"Timmons","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(03)00133-5","article-title":"Reference intervals: An update","volume":"334","author":"Horn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e3181c12e6a","article-title":"It\u2019s about time: physicians\u2019 perceptions of time constraints in primary care medical practice in three national healthcare systems","volume":"48","author":"Konrad","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. Care"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"121","article-title":"Construct validity of the Japanese version of Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment","volume":"28","author":"Morita","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"S286","article-title":"Comparison of the Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment Screen (Qmci) to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment","volume":"182","author":"Timmons","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ir. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"S379","article-title":"Brief Dementia Screens in Clinic: Comparison of the Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment (Qmci) Screen and Six Item Cognitive Impairment Test (6CIT)","volume":"183","author":"Molloy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ir. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0594.2010.00585.x","article-title":"Brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment in older Japanese: Validation of the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment","volume":"10","author":"Fujiwara","year":"2010","journal-title":"Geriatr. Gerontol. Int."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-161204","article-title":"Comparing approaches to optimize cut-off scores for short cognitive screening instruments in mild cognitive impairment and dementia","volume":"57","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.3109\/08958378.2014.955932","article-title":"Screening tests: A review with examples","volume":"26","author":"Maxim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/16\/6\/917\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:38:49Z","timestamp":1760186329000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/16\/6\/917"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph16060917"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph16060917","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]]}}}