{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:20:51Z","timestamp":1791390051394,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]],"date-time":"2019-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Transgender people have a gender identity different from the one allocated to them at birth. In many countries, transsexualism and transgenderism are considered mental illnesses under the diagnosis of gender dysphoria. This pathologization impacts on human rights. Main content: The United Nations (UN) has denounced violations against trans-people, including attacks, forced medical treatments, lack of legal gender recognition, and discrimination in the areas of education, employment, access to healthcare, and justice. The UN has linked these violations directly with discriminatory diagnostic classifications that pathologize gender diversity. Trans-people have been pathologized by psycho-medical classification and laws all around the world, with a different impact depending on countries. This paper argues that pathologization infringes infringes upon a wide range of human rights such as; civil, economic, social cultural and also the access to medical care. Conclusions: The current situation for trans-people with respect to legal healthcare matters, depends on the country. Human rights are universal, not a question for cultural interpretation. They are the minimum that every human being must have assured only by the fact of being human. Countries must protect these rights by regulating trans-pathologization with special attention dedicated to intersex people and their specific needs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16060978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]],"date-time":"2019-03-19T12:12:25Z","timestamp":1552997545000},"page":"978","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Gender Identity: The Human Right of Depathologization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5019-0813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Elisa","family":"Castro-Peraza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing N. S. Candelaria, University of La Laguna, Canary Islands Public Health Service, 38010 Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9362-6496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas Manuel","family":"Garc\u00eda-Acosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing N. S. Candelaria, University of La Laguna, Canary Islands Public Health Service, 38010 Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naira","family":"Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Mar\u00eda","family":"Perdomo-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing N. S. Candelaria, University of La Laguna, Canary Islands Public Health Service, 38010 Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Inmaculada","family":"Sosa-Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing N. S. Candelaria, University of La Laguna, Canary Islands Public Health Service, 38010 Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0113-4460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa","family":"Llabr\u00e9s-Sol\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing N. S. Candelaria, University of La Laguna, Canary Islands Public Health Service, 38010 Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nieves Doria","family":"Lorenzo-Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing N. S. 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