{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T02:05:29Z","timestamp":1791857129078,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]],"date-time":"2019-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: To inform global health policies and resources planning, this paper analyzes evolving trends in physical rehabilitation needs, using data on Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2017. Methods: Secondary analysis of how YLDs from conditions likely benefiting from physical rehabilitation have evolved from 1990 to 2017, for the world and across countries of varying income levels. Linear regression analyses were used. Results: A 66.2% growth was found in estimated YLD Counts germane to physical rehabilitation: a significant and linear growth of more than 5.1 billion YLDs per year (99% CI: 4.8\u20135.4; r2 = 0.99). Low-income countries more than doubled (111.5% growth) their YLD Counts likely benefiting from physical rehabilitation since 1990. YLD Rates per 100,000 people and the percentage of YLDs likley benefiting from physical rehabilitation also grew significantly over time, across locations (all p &gt; 0.05). Finally, only in high-income countries did Age-standardized YLD Rates significantly decrease (p &lt; 0.01; r2 = 0.86). Conclusions: Physical rehabilitation needs have been growing significantly in absolute, per-capita and in percentage of total YLDs. This growth was found globally and across countries of varying income level. In absolute terms, growths were higher in lower income countries, wherein rehabilitation is under-resourced, thereby highlighting important unmet needs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16060980","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]],"date-time":"2019-03-19T12:12:25Z","timestamp":1552997545000},"page":"980","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Global Need for Physical Rehabilitation: Systematic Analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1300-6308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago S.","family":"Jesus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health and Tropical Medicine &amp; WHO Collaborating Center on Health Workforce Policy and Planning, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine-NOVA University of Lisbon, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel D.","family":"Landry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Therapy Division, Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA"},{"name":"Duke Global Health Institute (DGHI), Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Hoenig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Durham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA"},{"name":"Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61462-8","article-title":"Health, functioning, and disability in older adults\u2014Present status and future implication","volume":"385","author":"Chatterji","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization and World Bank (2011). World Report on Disability, WHO."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2015). World Report on Ageing and Health, WHO."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"GBD 2016 DALYs and HALE Collaborators (2017). Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet, 390, 1260\u20131344."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"GBD 2016 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators (2017). Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990\u20132016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet, 390, 1211\u20131259."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators (2018). Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet, 392, 1789\u20131858."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2017). Rehabilitation 2030: A Call for Action. The Need to Scale up Rehabilitation, WHO. Available online: http:\/\/www.who.int\/disabilities\/care\/NeedToScaleUpRehab.pdf?ua=1."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupta, N., Castillo-Laborde, C., and Landry, M.D. (2011). Health-related rehabilitation services: Assessing the global supply of and need for human resources. BMC Health Serv. Res., 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-11-276"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2015-041616","article-title":"The global burden of injury: Incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years and time trends from the Global Burden of Disease study 2013","volume":"22","author":"Haagsma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inj. Prev."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.08.002","article-title":"Burden of disability due to musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders","volume":"28","author":"March","year":"2014","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204428","article-title":"The global burden of low back pain: Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study","volume":"73","author":"Hoy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Whiteford, H.A., Ferrari, A.J., Degenhardt, L., Feigin, V., and Vos, T. (2015). Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116820"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"GBD 2015 Neurological Disorders Collaborator Group (2017). Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders during 1990\u20132015: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet Neurol., 16, 877\u2013897."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors Study 2013 and Stroke Experts Writing Group (2016). Global burden of stroke and risk factors in 188 countries, during 1990\u20132013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet Neurol., 15, 913\u2013924.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)30073-4"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.04.052","article-title":"Global, Regional, and National Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases for 10 Causes, 1990 to 2015","volume":"70","author":"Roth","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"GBD 2015 Chronic Respiratory Disease Collaborators (2017). Global, regional, and national deaths, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years, and years lived with disability for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, 1990\u20132015: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet Respir. Med., 5, 691\u2013706."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration (2017). Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived with Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-years for 32 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2015: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. JAMA Oncol., 3, 524\u2013548."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"GBD 2015 HIV Collaborators (2016). Estimates of global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and mortality of HIV, 1980\u20132015: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet HIV, 3, e361\u2013e387."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20160014","article-title":"Finding the \u201cRight-Size\u201d Physical Therapy Workforce: International Perspective Across 4 Countries","volume":"96","author":"Jesus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2016.06.017","article-title":"Systematic Reviews and Clinical Trials in rehabilitation: Comprehensive analyses of publication trends","volume":"97","author":"Jesus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-094468","article-title":"15 years of tracking physiotherapy evidence on PEDro, where are we now?","volume":"49","author":"Kamper","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2017.08.003","article-title":"Quality, language, subdiscipline and promotion were associated with article accesses on Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro)","volume":"104","author":"Yamato","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0865","article-title":"Towards a conceptual description of rehabilitation as a health strategy","volume":"43","author":"Meyer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.17.191809","article-title":"Strengthening health systems to provide rehabilitation services","volume":"95","author":"Krug","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e011959","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011959","article-title":"Person-centred rehabilitation: What exactly does it mean? Protocol for a scoping review with thematic analysis towards framing the concept and practice of person-centred rehabilitation","volume":"6","author":"Jesus","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12960-017-0182-7","article-title":"Human Resources for Health (and Rehabilitation): Six Rehab-Workforce Challenges for the Century","volume":"15","author":"Jesus","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Resour. Health"},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"NIH Medical Rehabilitation Coordinating Committee (2017). National Institutes of Health Research Plan on Rehabilitation: NIH Medical Rehabilitation Coordinating Committee. Phys. Ther., 97, 104\u2013407."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0866","article-title":"Towards a conceptual description of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"43","author":"Gutenbrunner","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/PEP.0b013e31823db95f","article-title":"Motor activity in children with autism: A review of current literature","volume":"24","author":"Downey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr. Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20100294","article-title":"Current perspectives on motor functioning in infants, children, and adults with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"91","author":"Bhat","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20130157","article-title":"Current perspectives on physical activity and exercise recommendations for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"94","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-017-3144-y","article-title":"Standing Postural Control in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Lim","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Autism Dev. Disord."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20170347","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-0347","article-title":"Interventions Targeting Sensory Challenges in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review","volume":"139","author":"Weitlauf","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6905180030p1","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2015.018051","article-title":"Effectiveness of Ayres Sensory Integration\u00ae and Sensory-Based Interventions for People with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review","volume":"69","author":"Watling","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Occup. Ther."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"741480","article-title":"Gait deviations in children with autism spectrum disorders: A review","volume":"2015","author":"Kindregan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autism Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"CD010876","article-title":"Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for adults after heart valve surgery","volume":"3","author":"Sibilitz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"CD01119","article-title":"Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for adults with atrial fibrillation","volume":"2","author":"Risom","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"CD003331","article-title":"Exercise-based rehabilitation for heart failure","volume":"4","author":"Taylor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"CD012264","article-title":"Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in heart transplant recipients","volume":"4","author":"Anderson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"CD011273","article-title":"Cardiac rehabilitation for people with heart disease: An overview of Cochrane systematic reviews","volume":"12","author":"Anderson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"CD00180","article-title":"Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease","volume":"1","author":"Anderson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487316657669","article-title":"A review of guidelines for cardiac rehabilitation exercise programmes: Is there an international consensus?","volume":"23","author":"Price","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-018-4636-y","article-title":"Efficacy of Different Types of Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation on Coronary Heart Disease: A Network Meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Xia","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2017-312809","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation: A systematic review","volume":"104","author":"Shields","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"CD005305","article-title":"Pulmonary rehabilitation following exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"12","author":"Puhan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"CD003793","article-title":"Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"2","author":"McCarthy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"CD009385","article-title":"Exercise training to improve exercise capacity and quality of life in people with non-malignant dust-related respiratory diseases","volume":"11","author":"Dale","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"CD006322","article-title":"Pulmonary rehabilitation for interstitial lung disease","volume":"10","author":"Dowman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(18)30139-1","article-title":"Neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia: A global perspective","volume":"2","author":"Olusanya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2014.009035","article-title":"Systematic review of the effects of exercise on activities of daily living in people with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"68","author":"Rao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Occup. Ther."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7105180010p1","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2017.024752","article-title":"Effectiveness of Occupational Therapy Interventions to Enhance Occupational Performance for Adults with Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Related Major Neurocognitive Disorders: A Systematic Review","volume":"71","author":"Smallfield","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Occup. Ther."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S169565","article-title":"Physical activity can improve cognition in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"13","author":"Du","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Interv. Aging"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20140212","article-title":"The Link Between Physical Activity and Cognitive Dysfunction in Alzheimer Disease","volume":"95","author":"Phillips","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"CD006489","article-title":"Exercise programs for people with dementia","volume":"15","author":"Forbes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.3233\/JHD-170260","article-title":"Physical Therapy and Exercise Interventions in Huntington\u2019s Disease: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review","volume":"6","author":"Fritz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Huntingt. Dis."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"49","article-title":"Physical impairments and activity limitations experienced by people with tuberculosis: A scoping review protocol","volume":"15","author":"Roos","year":"2015","journal-title":"JBI Database Syst. Rev. Implement. Rep."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01685.x","article-title":"Rehabilitation for cognitive impairments after cerebral malaria in African children: Strategies and limitations","volume":"11","author":"Bangirana","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1275","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30374-1","article-title":"Prevalence of cerebral palsy in Uganda: A population-based study","volume":"5","author":"Andrews","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"275","article-title":"Zika Virus (ZIKV), Global Public Health, Disability, and Rehabilitation: Connecting the Dots","volume":"97","author":"Landry","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.10.015","article-title":"Rehabilitation of leprosy-affected people: An overview","volume":"34","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.47276\/lr.81.3.228","article-title":"Review of leprosy research evidence (2002\u20132009) and implications for current policy and Practice\u2013ILEP Technical Commission","volume":"81","author":"Cross","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lepr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2014.10.017","article-title":"Cognitive rehabilitation in epilepsy: An evidence-based review","volume":"109","author":"Farina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.5698\/1535-7511-16.2.87","article-title":"Cognitive Rehabilitation for Epilepsy: What Do We Really Know?","volume":"16","author":"Barr","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epilepsy Curr."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102415597889","article-title":"Efficacy of interventions used by physiotherapists for patients with headache and migraine-systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"Luedtke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102415596445","article-title":"Physical therapy for headaches","volume":"36","author":"Cuadrado","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1298\/jjpta.Vol17_005","article-title":"Effectiveness of Physical Therapy in Patients with Tension-type Headache: Literature Review","volume":"17","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Jpn. Phys. Ther. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7105220010p1","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2017.022053","article-title":"Impact of the Cognitive-Functional (Cog-Fun) Intervention on Executive Functions and Participation Among Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"71","author":"Berger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Occup. Ther."},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"CD004366","article-title":"Exercise for depression","volume":"9","author":"Cooney","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2016.02.023","article-title":"Exercise as a treatment for depression: A meta-analysis adjusting for publication bias","volume":"77","author":"Schuch","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sxmr.2017.02.003","article-title":"Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Physical Therapy Modalities in Women with Provoked Vestibulodynia","volume":"5","author":"Morin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sex. Med. Rev."},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"CD005654","article-title":"Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women","volume":"10","author":"Dumoulin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"CD010551","article-title":"Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for urinary incontinence in women","volume":"11","author":"Ayeleke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22784","article-title":"Does pelvic floor muscle training augment the effect of surgery in women with pelvic organ prolapse? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fuentes-M\u00e1rquez, P., Cabrera-Martos, I., and Valenza, M.C. (2018). Physiotherapy interventions for patients with chronic pelvic pain: A systematic review of the literature. Physiother. Theory Pract.","DOI":"10.1080\/09593985.2018.1472687"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klotz, S.G., Sch\u00f6n, M., Ketels, G., L\u00f6we, B., and Br\u00fcnahl, C.A. (2018). Physiotherapy management of patients with chronic pelvic pain (CPP): A systematic review. Physiother. Theory Pract.","DOI":"10.1080\/09593985.2018.1455251"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2014.922042","article-title":"Iodine Deficiency and the Brain: Effects and Mechanisms","volume":"56","author":"Redman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.84a.15053","article-title":"Iodine deficiency: Clinical implications","volume":"84","author":"Niwattisaiwong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cleve Clin. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e3181838f70","article-title":"Rehabilitation for hospital-associated deconditioning","volume":"88","author":"Kortebein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2017.06.001","article-title":"Benefits of Exercise in the Older Population","volume":"28","author":"Galloza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Rehabil. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s12963-015-0064-y","article-title":"Estimating distributions of health state severity for the Global Burden of Disease study","volume":"13","author":"Burstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Popul. Health Metr."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e712","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(15)00069-8","article-title":"Disability weights for the Global Burden of Disease 2013","volume":"3","author":"Salomon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"ref_82","unstructured":"United Nations (2017). World Population Prospects: Key Findings & Advance Tables, UN. Available online: https:\/\/esa.un.org\/unpd\/wpp\/Publications\/Files\/WPP2017_KeyFindings.pdf."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kamenov, K., Mills, J.A., Chatterji, S., and Cieza, A. (2018). Needs and unmet needs for rehabilitation services: A scoping review. Disabil. Rehabil., in press.","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2017.1422036"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bright, T., Wallace, S., and Kuper, H. (2018). A Systematic Review of Access to Rehabilitation for People with Disabilities in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15102165"},{"key":"ref_85","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2017). Rehabilitation 2030: A Call for Action. Meeting Report, WHO. Available online: http:\/\/www.who.int\/disabilities\/care\/rehab-2030\/en\/."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Magnusson, D., Sweeney, F., and Landry, M. (2017). Provision of rehabilitation services for children with disabilities living in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review. Disabil. Rehabil., in press.","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2017.1411982"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuper, H., and Hanefeld, J. (2018). Debate: Can we achieve universal health coverage without a focus on disability?. BMC Health Serv. Res., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-018-3547-2"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2013.845676","article-title":"Limitations of the Millennium Development Goals: A literature review","volume":"8","author":"Fehling","year":"2013","journal-title":"Glob. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Participant Working Group of the Dar es Salaam Seventh International Conference on Birth Defects and Disabil (2016). Prevention of Congenital Disorders and Care of Affected Children: A Consensus Statement. JAMA Pediatr., 170, 790\u2013793.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.0388"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13044","article-title":"Systematic review of strategies to increase access to health services among children over five in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"23","author":"Bright","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.3138\/ptc.2015-42GH","article-title":"\u201cIt Is an Eye-Opener That There Is a Relationship between Rehabilitation and HIV\u201d: Perspectives of Physiotherapists and Occupational Therapists in Kenya and Zambia on the Role of Rehabilitation with Adults and Children Living with HIV","volume":"68","author":"Nixon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiother. Can."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2013.821184","article-title":"Rehabilitation interventions for children living with HIV: A scoping review","volume":"36","author":"Stevens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/ijs.12062","article-title":"Past, present, and future of stroke in middle-income countries: The Brazilian experience","volume":"8","author":"Martins","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Stroke"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2016.02.011","article-title":"Prevention, management, and rehabilitation of stroke in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"2","author":"Yan","year":"2016","journal-title":"eNeurologicalSci"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-2325","article-title":"Rehabilitation service models for people with physical and\/or mental disability living in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review","volume":"50","author":"Furlan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e020098","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020098","article-title":"Protocol for a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of the \u2018Care for Stroke\u2019 intervention in India: A smartphone-enabled, carer-supported, educational intervention for management of disabilities following stroke","volume":"8","author":"Sureshkumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2015-308966","article-title":"Telehealth exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"102","author":"Rawstorn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215516654207","article-title":"A pilot randomised trial of community-based care following discharge from hospital with a recent spinal cord injury in Bangladesh","volume":"31","author":"Hossain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_99","unstructured":"ATTEND Collaborative Group (2017). Family-led rehabilitation after stroke in India (ATTEND): A randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 390, 588\u2013599."},{"key":"ref_100","unstructured":"GBD 2017 DALYs and HALE Collaborators (2018). Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet, 392, 1859\u20131922."},{"key":"ref_101","unstructured":"Gelband, H., Horton, S., Jha, P., Laxminarayan, R., Mock, C.N., and Nugent, R. (2017). Rehabilitation: Essential along the Continuum of Care. Disease Control Priorities: Improving Health and Reducing Poverty, The World Bank. [3rd ed.]. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development."},{"key":"ref_102","unstructured":"United Nations (2018, July 20). Disability-Inclusive Sustainable Development Goals. Available online: http:\/\/www.un.org\/disabilities\/documents\/sdgs\/disability_inclusive_sdgs.pdf."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-016-0220-6","article-title":"Assistive products and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)","volume":"12","author":"Tebbutt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glob. Health"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2015.08.009","article-title":"Systematic overview of economic evaluations of health-related rehabilitation","volume":"9","author":"Irvine","year":"2016","journal-title":"Disabil. Health J."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lima de Melo Ghisi, G., Pesah, E., Turk-Adawi, K., Supervia, M., Lopez Jimenez, F., and Grace, S.L. (2018). Cardiac Rehabilitation Models around the Globe. J. Clin. Med., 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7090260"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.08.007","article-title":"A Review of Cardiac Rehabilitation Delivery Around the World","volume":"60","author":"Pesah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_107","first-page":"586","article-title":"Global availability of cardiac rehabilitation","volume":"10","author":"Sarrafzadegan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2015-309209","article-title":"Cardiac rehabilitation delivery model for low-resource settings","volume":"102","author":"Grace","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_109","first-page":"384","article-title":"Strengthening health information systems for disability-related rehabilitation in LMICs","volume":"32","author":"McPherson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trani, J.F., Babulal, G.M., and Bakhshi, P. (2015). Development and Validation of the 34-Item Disability Screening Questionnaire (DSQ-34) for Use in Low and Middle Income Countries Epidemiological and Development Surveys. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143610"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s12963-016-0088-y","article-title":"Development of a metric for tracking and comparing population health based on the minimal generic set of domains of functioning and health","volume":"14","author":"Oberhauser","year":"2016","journal-title":"Popul. Health Metr."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-014-2685-x","article-title":"Burden of injuries avertable by a basic surgical package in low- and middle-income regions: A systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease 2010 Study","volume":"39","author":"Higashi","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_113","unstructured":"Debas, H.T. (2015). Global Burden of Surgical Conditions. Essential Surgery: Disease Control Priorities, The World Bank. [3rd ed.]. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S13","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(15)70087-2","article-title":"Estimated need for surgery worldwide based on prevalence of diseases: A modelling strategy for the WHO Global Health Estimate","volume":"3","author":"Rose","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034513490168","article-title":"Global burden of oral conditions in 1990\u20132010: A systematic analysis","volume":"92","author":"Marcenes","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/16\/6\/980\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:38:54Z","timestamp":1760186334000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/16\/6\/980"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]]},"references-count":115,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph16060980"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph16060980","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.20944\/preprints201901.0060.v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]]}}}