{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T01:45:33Z","timestamp":1778204733401,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]],"date-time":"2019-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["(41372248, 41807463, 41807193, 41301348)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(41372248, 41807463, 41807193, 41301348)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Science Technology Project of Guangzhou","award":["(201607010286)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(201607010286)"]}]},{"name":"the NSFC-Guizhou Karst Sciences Research Center Project","award":["(#U1612442)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(#U1612442)"]}]},{"name":"National College Students Innovation Training Project","award":["(201611078043)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(201611078043)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chelators including DTPA (diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid) and oxalic acid were selected for inducing phytoextraction of heavy metals (HMs) from Pb-, Tl-, and Pb-Tl- contaminated soil, in which heavy metals leakage was highly remarkable. Results showed that compared with the control group without chelating agent under planting conditions, the extraction efficiency (i.e., uptake coefficient) of Pb, Tl increased by 86%, 43% from Pb-Tl- contaminated soil in the presence of oxalic acid, and there was no significant change in heavy metal leakage under rainfall conditions. It was the best phytoremediation scheme in this work. Under rainfall conditions, the HMs concentration in the leachate showed a linear decreasing trend. Acid rain promoted the leakage of heavy metals, and the average leached amount of Tl increased by 1.47 times under acid rain conditions. However, for Pb, DTPA was the main influencing factor, followed by acid rain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16081328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,15]],"date-time":"2019-04-15T11:15:58Z","timestamp":1555326958000},"page":"1328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Insights into Heavy Metals Leakage in Chelator-Induced Phytoextraction of Pb- and Tl-Contaminated Soil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xuexia","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Link\u00f6ping University\u2014Guangzhou University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1326-1221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dinggui","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Link\u00f6ping University\u2014Guangzhou University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangxin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lezhang","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Link\u00f6ping University\u2014Guangzhou University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5245-4835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Link\u00f6ping University\u2014Guangzhou University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qihang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tangfu","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaotao","family":"Mai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guowei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lirong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2015.12.023","article-title":"Challenges and Opportunities in the Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals Contaminated Soils: A Review","volume":"126","author":"Mahar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen, F., Mao, L., Sun, R., Du, J., Tan, Z., and Ding, M. (2019). Contamination Evaluation and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in the Sediments from the Lishui River Watershed, Southern China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16030336"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gexplo.2015.01.001","article-title":"Phytoextraction: Where\u2019s the Action?","volume":"151","author":"Robinson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Geochem. Explor."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17669","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-9290-0","article-title":"Citric Acid Enhanced the Antioxidant Defense System and Chromium Uptake by Lemna Minor L. Grown in Hydroponics under Cr Stress","volume":"24","author":"Farid","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph120201726","article-title":"Growth and Heavy Metal Accumulation of Koelreuteria Paniculata Seedlings and Their Potential for Restoring Manganese Mine Wastelands in Hunan, China","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2007.11.021","article-title":"JPhytoextraction of Pb and Cd from a Contaminated Agricultural Soil Using Different Edta Application Regimes: Laboratory Versus Field Scale Measures of Efficiency","volume":"144","author":"Neugschwandtner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph8062401","article-title":"Selected Morphological Characteristics, Lead Uptake and Phytochelatin Synthesis by Coffeeweed (Sesbania Exaltata Raf.) Grown in Elevated Levels of Lead-Contaminated Soil","volume":"8","author":"Miller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bai, L., Liu, X.L., Hu, J., Li, J., Wang, Z.L., Han, G., Li, S.-L., and Liu, C.-Q. (2018). Heavy Metal Accumulation in Common Aquatic Plants in Rivers and Lakes in the Taihu Basin. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15122857"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2007.06.066","article-title":"Hydroponic Phytoremediation of Cd, Cr, Ni, as, and Fe: Can Helianthus Annuus Hyperaccumulate Multiple Heavy Metals?","volume":"70","author":"January","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2016.06.007","article-title":"Organic Chelants-Mediated Enhanced Lead (Pb) Uptake and Accumulation Is Associated with Higher Activity of Enzymatic Antioxidants in Spinach (Spinacea Oleracea L.)","volume":"317","author":"Khan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-015-1550-4","article-title":"Effect of Soil Aging on the Phytoremediation Potential of Zea Mays in Chromium and Benzo a Pyrene Contaminated Soils","volume":"94","author":"Chigbo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3981","DOI":"10.1007\/s13762-015-0831-0","article-title":"Exogenous Application of Ethylenediamminetetraacetic Acid Enhanced Phytoremediation of Cadmium by Brassica Napus L.","volume":"12","author":"Farid","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13521","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-6430-x","article-title":"Phytoremediation of Cu and Zn by Vetiver Grass in Mine Soils Amended with Humic Acids","volume":"23","author":"Vargas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"409","article-title":"The Potential of Chrysanthemum and Pelargonium for Phytoextraction of Lead-Contaminated Soils","volume":"4","author":"Abdullah","year":"2010","journal-title":"Jordan J. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11528","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph111111528","article-title":"Evaluation of Mobility, Bioavailability and Toxicity of Pb and Cd in Contaminated Soil Using Tclp, Bcr and Earthworms","volume":"11","author":"Kede","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2003.1939","article-title":"Enhancing Phytoextraction: The Effect of Chemical Soil Manipulation on Mobility, Plant Accumulation, and Leaching of Heavy Metals","volume":"32","author":"Schmidt","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"367","article-title":"Differences between Corn Cultivars in Accumulation and Translocation of Heavy Metals","volume":"26","author":"Guo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Ecol. Rural Environ."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"3575","article-title":"Assessment of the Phytoremediation Potential of Bioenergy Crop Maize (Zea Mays) in Soil Contaminated by Cadmium: Morphology, Photosynthesis and Accumulation","volume":"21","author":"Tian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fresenius Environ. Bull."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2009.08.015","article-title":"The Use of Bio-Energy Crops (Zea Mays) for \u2018Phytoattenuation\u2019 of Heavy Metals on Moderately Contaminated Soils: A Field Experiment","volume":"78","author":"Meers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5225","DOI":"10.1021\/es0604919","article-title":"Critical Assessment of Chelant-Enhanced Metal Phytoextraction","volume":"40","author":"Nowack","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-016-9826-0","article-title":"Use of Maize (Zea Mays L.) for Phytomanagement of Cd-Contaminated Soils: A Critical Review","volume":"39","author":"Rizwan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Geochem. Health"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2007.01.062","article-title":"Chelate Assisted Phytoextraction of Heavy Metals from Soil. Effect, Mechanism, Toxicity, and Fate of Chelating Agents","volume":"68","author":"Evangelou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1021\/bk-2005-0910.ch008","article-title":"Biodegradation of Chelating Agents: Edta, Dtpa, Pdta, Nta, and Edds","volume":"910","year":"2005","journal-title":"ACS Symp. Ser."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"482","article-title":"Influence of Chelators Application on the Growth and Lead Accumulation of Maize Seedlings in Pb- Contaminated Soils","volume":"26","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Agro-Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5263","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-014-3751-5","article-title":"Heavy Metal Uptake and Leaching from Polluted Soil Using Permeable Barrier in Dtpa-Assisted Phytoextraction","volume":"22","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"575","article-title":"Thallium Uptake and Translocation in Barley and Sunflower Grown in Hydroponic Conditions","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s11738-017-2434-5","article-title":"Diversity of Low-Molecular Weight Organic Acids Synthesized by Salix Growing in Soils Characterized by Different Cu, Pb and Zn Concentrations","volume":"39","author":"Magdziak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Plant."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2018.10.038","article-title":"Edta and Organic Acids Assisted Phytoextraction of Cd and Zn from a Smelter Contaminated Soil by Potherb Mustard (Brassica Juncea, Coss) and Evaluation of Its Bioindicators","volume":"167","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2003.09.002","article-title":"Edta-Enhanced Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil with Indian Mustard and Associated Potential Leaching Risk","volume":"102","author":"Wu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2014.08.081","article-title":"Assessment of Edta Heap Leaching of an Agricultural Soil Highly Contaminated with Heavy Metals","volume":"117","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-7972-7","article-title":"Leaching Characteristics of Edta-Enhanced Phytoextraction of Cd and Pb by Zea Mays L. In Different Particle-Size Fractions of Soil Aggregates Exposed to Artificial Rain","volume":"24","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24409","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-0065-4","article-title":"Leaching Variations of Heavy Metals in Chelator-Assisted Phytoextraction by Zea Mays L. Exposed to Acid Rainfall","volume":"24","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"1552","article-title":"Microwave-Enhanced Remediation of Cd, Pb and Zn Contaminated Soil Using Edds as a Leaching Agent","volume":"32","author":"Xue","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Agro-Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1080\/15226514.2015.1045133","article-title":"High Accumulation and Subcellular Distribution of Thallium in Green Cabbage (Brassica Oleracea L. Var. Capitata L.)","volume":"17","author":"Ning","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Phytoremediation"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1080\/15226514.2017.1328391","article-title":"Differential Mobilization and Metal Uptake Versus Leaching in Multi-Metal Soil Columns Using Edta and Three Metal Bioaccumulators","volume":"19","author":"Bareen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Phytoremediation"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karbowska, B., R\u0119bi\u015b, T., and Milczarek, G. (2018). Electrode Modified by Reduced Graphene Oxide for Monitoring of Total Thallium in Grain Products. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15040653"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2003.10.004","article-title":"Naturally Occurring Thallium: A Hidden Geoenvironmental Health Hazard?","volume":"30","author":"Xiao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(03)00448-0","article-title":"Environmental Concerns Related to High Thallium Levels in Soils and Thallium Uptake by Plants in Southwest Guizhou, China","volume":"318","author":"Xiao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5390","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b00629","article-title":"Thallium Speciation and Extractability in a Thallium- and Arsenic-Rich Soil Developed from Mineralized Carbonate Rock","volume":"49","author":"Voegelin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.046","article-title":"Thallium Transformation and Partitioning During Pb-Zn Smelting and Environmental Implications","volume":"212","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Liu, L.W. (2011). Research on the Remediation of Combined Contamination of Heavy Metals and Ten Bromine Biphenyl Ether by Different Zea Mays L.. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Jinan University]. (In Chinese)."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"297","article-title":"Distributional Characteristics of Acid Rain and Its Affecting Factors in Guangdong Province","volume":"22","author":"Qin","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Trop. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3169","DOI":"10.1081\/SS-120006155","article-title":"Effect of Ph on the Adsorption of Selected Heavy Metal Ions from Concentrated Chloride Solutions by the Chelating Resin Dowex M-4195","volume":"37","author":"Diniz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sep. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2541(79)90063-9","article-title":"Ph Effects in the Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions by Clays","volume":"25","author":"Farrah","year":"1979","journal-title":"Chem. Geol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2389.1993.tb00436.x","article-title":"Influence of Electrolyte Composition and Ph on Cadmium Sorption by an Acid Sandy Soil","volume":"44","author":"Boekhold","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Soil Sci."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Bao, S.D. (2013). Soil Agro-Chemistrical Analysis, China Agriculture Press. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"602","article-title":"Toc and Heavy Metals Dynamic in Contaminated Soil Solution and Their Correlations with the Addition of Chelating Agents","volume":"26","author":"Xia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Chem."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"111","article-title":"Chemical Characteristics of Rainwater at Yunfu City in Guangdong Province","volume":"1","author":"Zheng","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. South China Norm. Univ. (Nat. Sci. Ed.)"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2004.09.100","article-title":"Enhanced Phytoextraction of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd with Edta and Edds","volume":"59","author":"Luo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"119","article-title":"Characterization of Kale (Brassica Oberacea Var Acephala) under Thallium Stress by in Situ Attenuated Total Reflection Ftir","volume":"29","author":"Yao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spectrosc. Spectr. Anal."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"15","article-title":"Effects of Thallium Stress on Photosynthesis, Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters and Antioxidant Enzymes Activities of Coix Lacryma-Jobi","volume":"6","author":"Pu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. Eng. A"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1656(02)00320-6","article-title":"Organic Acid Complexation, Heavy Metal Distribution and the Effect of Atpase Inhibition in Hairy Roots of Hyperaccumulator Plant Species","volume":"101","author":"Boominathan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1080\/00103624.2013.875206","article-title":"Effect of Organic Acids on Heavy-Metal Uptake and Growth of Canola Grown in Contaminated Soil","volume":"45","author":"Ebrahimian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-006-0059-3","article-title":"A Novel Strategy Using Biodegradable Edds for the Chemically Enhanced Phytoextraction of Soils Contaminated with Heavy Metals","volume":"285","author":"Luo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2006.02.012","article-title":"Edds and Edta-Enhanced Phytoextraction of Metals from Artificially Contaminated Soil and Residual Effects of Chelant Compounds","volume":"144","author":"Luo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(03)00167-3","article-title":"Effects of Se and Zn Supplementation on the Antagonism against Pb and Cd in Vegetables","volume":"30","author":"He","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2166","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-014-3490-7","article-title":"Thallium and Potassium Uptake Kinetics and Competition Differ between Durum Wheat and Canola","volume":"22","author":"Renkema","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2011.03.058","article-title":"Competitive Sorption and Transport of Pb2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+ in Lateritic Soil Columns","volume":"190","author":"Chotpantarat","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2004.05.044","article-title":"Leaching and Uptake of Heavy Metals by Ten Different Species of Plants during an Edta-Assisted Phytoextraction Process","volume":"57","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"SAC, the Standardization Administration of China (2017). Gb\/T 14848-2017, Standard for Groundwater Quality, The Standardization Administration of the People\u2019s Republic of China."},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"Chen, X.X. (2018). Leaching and Chelator-Induced Phytoextraction of Pb- and Tl-Contaminated Soil by Zea Mays L. And the Impact on Underground Water. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Guangzhou University]. (In Chinese)."},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"SAC, the Standardization Administration of China (2006). Gb5749-2006, Standard for Drinking Water Quality, The Standardization Administration of the People\u2019s Republic of China."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/16\/8\/1328\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:45:08Z","timestamp":1760186708000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/16\/8\/1328"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph16081328"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph16081328","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]]}}}