{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:25:05Z","timestamp":1790810705334,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,3]],"date-time":"2019-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk.) Sch. Bip. (known as Qaysoom), Echinops spinosus L. (known as Shoak Elgamal) and Artemisia judaica L. (known Shih Baladi) are members of the Asteraceae family known for their traditional medical use in Egypt. The ethanol extracts of these plants were evaluated for their efficacy against a protozoan parasite (Blastocystis). Two different molecular subtypes of Blastocystis were used (ST1 and ST3). Significant growth inhibition of Blastocystis was observed when exposed to both A. judaica (99.3%) and A. fragrantissima (95.6%) with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC90) at 2000 \u00b5g\/mL. Under the effect of the extracts, changes in Blastocystis morphology were noted, with the complete destruction of Blastocystis forms after 72 h with the dose of 4000 \u00b5g\/mL. Different subtypes displayed different responses to the herbal extracts tested. ST1 exhibited significantly different responses to the herbal extracts compared to ST3. A. judaica was selected as the herb of choice considering all of its variables and because of its effective action against Blastocystis. It was then exposed to further fractionation and observation of its effect on ST1 and ST3. Solvent portioned fractions (dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and n-hexane) in A. judaica were found to be the potent active fractions against both of the Blastocystis subtypes used.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16091555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]],"date-time":"2019-05-07T03:15:46Z","timestamp":1557198946000},"page":"1555","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Anti-Blastocystis Activity In Vitro of Egyptian Herbal Extracts (Family: Asteraceae) with Emphasis on Artemisia judaica"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Amira B.","family":"Mokhtar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 45122, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al-Qurayyat 77413, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahira A.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 45122, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1607-4285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enas E.","family":"Eltamany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 45122, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Karanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, 50937 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2016.04.004","article-title":"Blastocystis phylogeny among various isolates from humans to insects","volume":"65","author":"Yoshikawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitol. 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