{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T02:30:24Z","timestamp":1779935424727,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,16]],"date-time":"2019-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the period of long development, the human body adapted to specific concentrations of trace elements. Any changes in the trace element content manifesting in a deficiency or excess of metals in the human body may impair the functioning of the skeletal and articular system and of the organs, and may also predispose the body to the development of diseases, i.e., osteoporosis. Our study aimed to analyze the concentrations of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), fluorides (F-), and lead (Pb) in the infrapatellar fat pad (Hoffa\u2019s fat pad) of subjects who had undergone a total knee replacement (TKR) surgery. We also endeavored to establish how concentration levels of those elements are affected by selected biological and environmental factors. The studied group comprised 48 residents of Western Pomerania Province: 34 women (n = 34) aged 56\u201387 and 12 men (n = 12) aged 59\u201385. Concentration levels of Ca, Mg, and Pb were established using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). A Thermo Orion ion-selective electrode was applied for measuring F- concentration. Subjects aged 75\u201387 showed higher Mg concentration values than those aged 56\u201374. Big city residents and smokers were found to have higher infrapatellar fat pad Mg concentration than their non-smoking counterparts and small town dwellers. Of all the elements whose concentrations we analyzed in our studies, only magnesium was found to correlate with smoking, place of residence, and age. Our findings regarding the quantities of selected elements in the infrapatellar fat pad may be used for the interpretation and analysis of biological, morphological, and mechanical changes in the human body.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16101734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,16]],"date-time":"2019-05-16T11:21:22Z","timestamp":1558005682000},"page":"1734","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Concentration of Selected Elements in the Infrapatellar Fat Pad of Patients with a History of Total Knee Arthroplasty"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"\u017baneta","family":"Ciosek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, \u017bo\u0142nierska 54, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danuta","family":"Kosik-Bogacka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent of Pharmaceutical Botany, Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"\u0141anocha-Arendarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0051-2295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"Kot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Karaczun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Clinic of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Unii Lubelskiej 1,71-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Zi\u0119tek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Clinic of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Unii Lubelskiej 1,71-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0756-6483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrycja","family":"Kupnicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6105-5329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Szyli\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, \u017bo\u0142nierska 54, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4337-6476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iwona","family":"Rotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, \u017bo\u0142nierska 54, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.2165\/11595680-000000000-00000","article-title":"Evaluation and treatment of disorders of the infrapatellar fat pad","volume":"42","author":"Dragoo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-200123","article-title":"Comparison of rheumatoid articular adipose and synovial tissue reactivity to proinflammatory stimuli: Contribution to adipocytokine network","volume":"71","author":"Kontny","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. 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